The teaching of earth science in Chinese senior high school geography has faced significant challenges, particularly in the compulsory module “The History of the Earth.” Despite being part of the 2019 curriculum reform, current teaching practices often fail to emphasize the geographical nature of the subject, instead treating it as a mix of geology, biology, and historical facts. This paper addresses this challenge by proposing a framework that maintains a geographical focus while teaching earth science concepts. The framework consists of three integrated approaches. First, it introduces a structured method for teaching geological time through an “Eon → Era → Period → Year” progression, helping students build a comprehensive understanding of temporal scales from a geographical perspective. Second, it demonstrates how to effectively use the “Trade Space for Time” method alongside stratigraphic analysis, enabling students to connect spatial and temporal aspects of geographical phenomena. Third, it develops geographical thinking by following the logical pathway of “Fossil → Biology → Environment,” ensuring that biological evidence is interpreted within a geographical context. For successful implementation, the paper recommends two key strategies: managing interdisciplinary content while maintaining geography’s core focus, and emphasizing geographical characteristics throughout specific teaching content. This approach ensures that “The History of the Earth” fulfills its role in developing students’ geographical literacy while contributing to their broader understanding of earth science within China’s senior high school curriculum.
Wang M, Fan X, Wei D, et al., 2013, Research on the Status Quo and Development Trend of Earth Science Education in International Middle Schools. Geography Teaching Reference for Middle Schools, (12): 10–13.
Pattison WD, 1990, The Four Traditions of Geography. Journal of Geography, 89(5): 202–206.
Piaget J, 2009, Principles of Genetic Epistemology, The Commercial Press, London.
Hong X, 2011, The Classical Theory of Educational Psychology and its Application, Peking University Press, Beijing.
Roberts M, 2014, Powerful Knowledge and Geographical Education. The Curriculum Journal, 25(2): 187–209.
Christian J, 2015, Think Like a Philosopher [He Z, Trans.], Peking University Press, Beijing.
Beck J, 2013, Powerful Knowledge, Esoteric Knowledge, Curriculum Knowledge. Cambridge Journal of Education. Lancet, (2): 77–193.
Hart R, 2012, The Nature of Geography [Ye G, Trans.], The Commercial Press, Beijing.
Johnston RJ, 1999, Geography and Geographer [Tang X, Trans.], The Commercial Press, Beijing.
Church M, 1988, Problem Orientation in Physical Geography Teaching. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 12(1): 51–65.