Self-efficacy was proposed by American psychologist Bandura in 1977. This paper explores the relationship between self-efficacy theory and children's language development, and proposes strategies to improve children’s self-efficacy in an all-round way, such as correcting adults’ attitudes towards children’s language learning, paying attention to children’s individual language learning experience, playing a role of peer model demonstration, setting up the moderate difficulty of language learning task, and exerting children's self-efficacy in language learning in different types of language activities.