Status Quo of Human Resource Training Management at Vocational Colleges in Vietnam Toward the Development of Smart Agriculture
Abstract
This study examines the management of human resource training in vocational colleges under Vietnam’s Ministry of Agriculture and Environment, focusing on the transition to smart agriculture. A mixed-methods design was employed, combining policy analysis, surveys at five colleges, and interviews with administrators and lecturers. Findings reveal that while elements of smart agriculture and digital transformation have entered training programs, integration remains fragmented. Curricula emphasize theory over practice, faculty have limited expertise in digital agriculture, and facilities lack modern technology. Weak industry collaboration further widens the gap between training and labor market demands. Using the integrated CIPO–Logic Model, the study identifies misalignments among context, inputs, processes, and outputs that reduce graduate employability and hinder sustainable farming practices. The results highlight the urgent need for comprehensive management reforms that update curricula, enhance faculty capacity, and foster school–industry partnerships. Strengthening these areas will help vocational colleges produce a workforce equipped for digital transformation and support Vietnam’s national agenda for smart, sustainable agriculture. The study provides evidence-based recommendations to guide policymakers, educational leaders, and practitioners in aligning vocational training with future agricultural development needs.
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