With the continuous deepening of the new curriculum reform in the field of higher education in our country, the piano impromptu accompaniment course has an increasing influence on students. In the current piano impromptu accompaniment course, teachers are influenced by many traditional concepts of music course education. Teachers mainly focus on singing and personal practice in the teaching process. In terms of teaching content, the selection of repertoire for students is relatively fixed and outdated, which causes students to feel monotonous, and reduces the quality of learning the piano impromptu accompaniment courses. That being said, this article thoroughly explores the construction and utilization of network resources in the process of piano improvisation, in order to improve the quality of education and teaching of piano impromptu courses in colleges and universities, and provide some valuable references for promoting the overall development of students.