The Relationship Between Family Parenting Styles and Willpower in 3 + 2 Continuous Education Medical Students: A Survey Study
Abstract
This study investigated the mechanism through which family parenting styles influence the willpower of 1,442 medical students from the 2020 to 2025 cohorts in a five-year 3 + 2 continuous education program at a health school in Qingdao, using a questionnaire survey. Findings revealed that the students’ overall willpower was relatively strong. Students who did not hold any class cadre or club positions had lower willpower levels. First- and second-year secondary vocational students demonstrated stronger willpower, and Stomatology majors exhibited significantly higher willpower than other majors. A harmonious parental relationship significantly and positively predicted students’ willpower levels, whereas permissive and indulgent parenting styles were significant negative predictors. Recommendations for cultivation are proposed from the perspectives of the students themselves, the family environment, and school education.
References
Cui X, 2007, Research on the Behavior of “Problem Students” in Secondary Vocational Schools and the Cultivation of Their Willpower, thesis, Soochow University.
Wu Z, 2012, Investigation on the Current Situation of Learning Willpower Cultivation in Middle School Students. Value Engineering, 31(17): 215–217.
Wang J, 2000, A Study on the Development of Non-Intellectual Factors in Outstanding and Underachieving Students. Psychological Exploration, 20(1): 28–32 + 37.
Zhou Y, 2003, Cultivation of Middle School Students’ Willpower and Optimization of Non-Intellectual Factors. Journal of Guizhou Education College, 19(3): 55–56.
Zhu Z, 1989, Dictionary of Psychology, Beijing Normal University Publishing House, Beijing.
Kang C, 2020, A Study on the Influence of Endurance Quality Training with Different Intensities on the Willpower of Junior Middle School Students, thesis, Hebei Normal University.
Lei Q, 2019, A Study on the Willpower Status of Secondary Vocational Students in Huaibei Health School, thesis, Shandong University.
Costa P, Terracciano A, McCrae R, 2001, Gender Differences in Personality Traits Across Cultures: Robust and Surprising Findings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(2): 322–331.
Schmitt D, Realo A, Voracek M, et al., 2008, Why Can’t a Man Be More Like a Woman? Sex Differences in Big Five Personality Traits Across 55 Cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(1): 118–118.
Wang J, Liu Y, 2022, The Impact of Parental Conflict on the Psychological Resilience of Secondary Vocational Students: The Mediating Role of Emotional Insecurity. China Journal of Health Psychology, 30(5): 764–768.
Liu H, Yu G, 2020, The Mechanism of Parental Marital Conflict Affecting Adolescent Self-Control: A Mediated Moderation Model. Psychological Development and Education, 36(4): 475–484.
Jin L, Zhang D, Pan Y, et al., 2018, Intervention Strategies and Implications for Psychological Resilience in Children and Adolescents. Education Science Forum, 2018(14): 3–5.
Li S, 2013, Characteristics and Cultivation Strategies of Contemporary College Students’ Will Quality. Education Exploration, 2013(05): 141–142.
Wang Z, 2023, Growing Towards the Sun: Enhancing Career Confidence of Secondary Vocational Students Through Professional Training. Primary and Secondary School Mental Health Education, 2023(04): 65–68.
Li M, 2014, On the Cultivation Strategies of Middle School Students’ Willpower. Ningxia Education, 2014(10): 19–20.
