When China Met Rock and Roll: Globalization and Localization in the 1980s’ Post-Mao Era

Abstract

This paper explores the emergence of Chinese rock music in the 1980s, emphasizing its complex interplay with American rock influences and the socio-cultural transformations in post-Mao China. Pioneering Chinese rock musicians not only embraced and imitated American rock but also adapted its themes and styles to resonate with local realities, reflecting a unique process of globalization. Drawing on Arjun Appadurai’s concept of cultural “scapes”, the analysis highlights how the reform and opening-up policies initiated by Deng Xiaoping facilitated the flow of Western music and ideas into China, paving the way for a new cultural landscape. The disillusionment with Maoist ideologies and the desire for individualism among the youth fueled a distinct rock movement characterized by a paradoxical relationship with both traditional Chinese culture and Western influences. Through the works of artists like Cui Jian, the paper illustrates how Chinese rock music became a powerful medium for expressing the aspirations and frustrations of a generation navigating the complexities of modernization and identity. Ultimately, this study underscores the localized adaptation of a global genre, showcasing how the Chinese rock music scene emerged as a reflection of the country’s unique historical and cultural context.