This study explores the reason why community service organizations with different operating modes in similar institutional environments have significant differences in their operational performance when providing the same services. Through comparative case analysis, this paper puts forward the analysis framework of government-community relationship, mobilization ability, and organizational performance to reveal the internal process of organizational operation and the root cause of performance differences. The findings are as follows. The relationship between the government and the community is the key variable to understanding the operation logic of community service organizations. The interaction between government and community is particularly key to the operation and development of the organization, and the different interaction between government and community is the root cause of the difference in the operation performance of the organization. The operational performance of community service organizations is based on the organization’s resource mobilization and organizational mobilization capacity and scope, whereby the two mobilization capabilities are related to the relationship between the government and the community. The research conclusion provides a new explanation for understanding the operational performance of organizations and can also be a reference for optimizing the operation of social organizations.
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