The implementation of the “Two Mountains” concept in resource-based areas and achieving mutual development between regional industrial economies and agriculture and rural areas has been a major challenge. This article analyzes the relevant research on ecology and the overall economic development of society. Based on the difficulties faced in ecological, economic, and social development, this paper summarizes the alternatives for driving the development of agriculture and rural areas. These alternatives include planning demonstration areas to minimize the risk of relocation, exploring governance models centered on “ecological restoration + cultural and tourism industry,” and “governance of subsided areas + complementary fishing and lighting.”
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