Management is a discipline that has existed for as long as humans have, but its theoretical underpinnings are relatively new. There was already evidence of the creation and use of management ideas since 2900 BC, when Egypt was deploying over ten thousand people to build the pyramids. During the Middle Ages, the Greek, Roman, and Chinese empires all created their own versions of management theory. Modern management throughs were a 20th-century phenomenon, and management was only recognized as a formal study since the late 19th century. In this paper, the development background, thoughts and schools, existing problems, research methodology, discipline branches, and functions of management as a social science are systematically discussed and elaborated. A systematic review approach was used to summarize and analyze the 2,772,999 publications included in the Web of Science from 1991 to 2021 to find out the overall trend of publication, the published organization or institution, and the high-frequency research areas.
Smith A, 1937, The Wealth of Nations, Modern Library, New York.
Taylor FW, 2003, Scientific Management (1st Edition), Routledge, London
Fayol H, 1916, General Principles of Management. Classics of Organization Theory, 2(15): 57–69.
Maslow AH, 1981, Motivation and Personality. Prabhat Prakashan.
Koontz H, Weihrich H, 2010, Essentials of Management: An International Perspective, Mcgraw Hill, New York.
Hitt MA, Middlemist RD, Mathis RL, 1986, Management: Concepts and Effective Practices, West Publishing Company, Minnesota.
Gantt HL, 1913, Work, Wages, And Profits, Engineering Magazine, New York.
Münsterberg H, 1912, Psychologie Und Wirtschaftsleben: Ein Beitrag Zur Angewandten Experimental- Psychologie [Psychology and Economic Life: A Contribution to Applied Experimental Psychology], Barth, Leipzig.
Scott WD, 1907, The Theory of Advertising: A Simple Exposition of the Principles of Psychology in Their Relation to Successful Advertising, Small, Maynard, & Co., Boston.
Weber M, 1946, Science as A Vocation, in Science and the Quest for Reality, Springer, Berlin, 382–394.
Pareto V, 1919, Manuale Di Economia Politica: Con Una Introduzione Alla Scienza Sociale (Vol. 13) [Manual of Political Economy: With an Introduction to Social Science], SocietÀ Editrice Libraria, Milan.
Roethlisberger FJ, Dickson WJ, 2003, Management and the Worker, Psychology Press, London.
Barnard CI, 1968, The Functions of the Executive, Harvard University Press, Massachusetts.
Drucker PF, 2018, The Effective Executive, Routledge, London.
Deming WE, 1991, Sample Design in Business Research (Vol. 23), John Wiley & Sons.
Peter LJ, Hull R, 1969, The Peter Principle (Vol. 4). Souvenir Press, London.
Ouchi WG, 1981, Organizational Paradigms: A Commentary on Japanese Management and Theory Z Organizations. Organizational Dynamics, 9(4): 36–43.
Waterman Jr RH, Peters TJ, Phillips JR, 1980, Structure is not Organization. Business Horizons, 23(3): 14–26.
Sridhar MS, 2017, Schools of Management Thought, Economic Discussion, viewed September 10, 2022, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224952289
Selmer J, 2004, Psychological Barriers to Adjustment of Western Business Expatriates in China: Newcomers vs Long Stayers. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 15(4–5): 794–813.
Mujeeb EM, Masood MM, Ahmad MA, 2011, Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Performance Management Practices: A Case of University in Pakistan. Journal of Competitiveness, 3(4): 78–86
Günther AB, 2012, Methodological Background and Research Design, in Entrepreneurial Strategies of Professional Service Firms, Springer, Berlin, 45–115.
Bryman A, Bell E, 2003, Breaking Down the Quantitative/Qualitative Divide. Business Research Methods, 2(1): 465–478.
Corbin J, Strauss A, 2008, Strategies for Qualitative Data Analysis. Basics Of Qualitative Research. Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory, 3(10.4135), 9781452230153.
Lichtman M, 2012, Qualitative Research in Education: A User’s Guide, SAGE Publications, California
Johnson RB, Christensen L, 2019, Educational Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, And Mixed Approaches, SAGE Publications, California.