Based on the current domestic development status and problems of growth enterprises market (GEM) listed companies in China, this paper selects six evaluation indicators among the three dimensions of GEM profitability, solvency and agency cost to constitute an evaluation system, and then extracts panel data from 2017 to 2019 by selecting 566 GEM listed companies that meet the requirements as samples, and mainly uses Empirical analysis method is used to sort out, summarize and integrate the real data of GEM listed companies, and factor analysis method is combined to draw more objective conclusions. Specifically, the profitability of GEM listed companies promotes the growth of the company, while agency cost and solvency are the main factors inhibiting the growth of the company.