Keywords
Historical evolution
Implications
Submitted : 2026-06-15
Accepted : 2026-06-30
Published : 2026-07-15
Abstract
Over the past century, the Communist Party of China has continuously explored practical guidelines for shaping the ownership structure of the means of production, ultimately formulating the “two unwaverings”, which underpins the development of China’s basic economic system. Looking back at its century-long evolution, this process has involved exploratory practices ranging from initial inception and foundation-laying to the summarization of experience, gradual formation, and comprehensive development. At this new historical juncture, it is necessary to continuously summarize the experience and insights gained from a century of exploration, firmly uphold and implement the principle of the “two unwaverings”, and thereby provide a solid economic foundation and institutional guarantee for realizing the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation.
References
The President of the CPC, 2022, Holding High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Striving in Unity to Build a Modern Socialist Country in All Respects—Report at the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. People’s Daily, October 26, 2022, 1.
Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, 2025, The 4th Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Held in Beijing. People’s Daily, October 24, 2025, 1.
Central Archives, 1984, Archival Materials of the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China (Revised and Enlarged Edition). People’s Publishing House, Beijing, 6.
Party Literature Research Center of the CPC Central Committee, 1996, Selected Important Documents since the 14th National Congress (Part I). Central Party Literature Press, Beijing, 19.
Central Party Literature Press, 2011, Selected Important Documents since the 16th National Congress (Part I). Central Party Literature Press, Beijing, 19.
Central Party Literature Press, 2013, Selected Important Documents since the 17th National Congress (Part I). Central Party Literature Press, Beijing, 10.
The President of the CPC, 2022, Holding High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Striving in Unity to Build a Modern Socialist Country in All Respects—Report at the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. People’s Daily, October 26, 2022, 1.
The President of the CPC, 2025, Speech at the Symposium on Private Enterprises. People’s Daily, February 17, 2025, 2.