Analysis of Smart Grids Incorporating Wind, Solar, and Energy Storage

Abstract

To address operational challenges such as reduced grid inertia and intensified power fluctuations caused by high renewable energy penetration, this paper systematically introduces the coordinated optimization and stability control technologies for wind-solar-storage smart grids. A three-tier time-scale (“day-ahead-intraday-real-time”) collaborative optimization framework is established, demonstrating a multi-objective dispatch model integrating electricity markets and frequency regulation auxiliary services to achieve synergistic improvement in economic benefits and renewable energy integration. Following that, a hierarchical coordinated control strategy for hybrid energy storage is analyzed, where adaptive filtering algorithms decompose power commands into low-frequency energy components and high-frequency power components, which are respectively responded to by lithium batteries and supercapacitors, enabling organic integration of system-level dispatch and device-level control. Simulation results from a 300MW wind-solar-storage demonstration project in Northwest China show that the proposed strategy can increase the total revenue of combined power plants by approximately 22% while reducing curtailment rates by 8 percentage points. In terms of power fluctuation mitigation, the grid-connected power fluctuation rate is controlled within ± 2%, and frequency deviations are maintained within the safe range of ± 0.1Hz. The research findings provide technical support for the safe and stable operation of high-renewable grids and hold significant engineering application value.