Trend Analysis of the Burden of Hypertensive Heart Disease in China from 1990 to 2021

Abstract

Objective: To quantitatively analyze the burden of hypertensive heart disease (HHD) in China and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control strategies. Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database were used to assess the disease burden, deaths, years lived with disability (YLDs), and risk factors for HHD in the Chinese population from 1990 to 2021. Results: From 1990 to 2021, HHD cases in China increased from 1.5 million to 3.9 million, with an average annual growth rate of 2.83%. Prevalence rose from 127.76/100,000 to 259.00/100,000, while age-standardized prevalence decreased by 0.68% annually. HHD deaths increased from 232,478 to 320,247, with a mortality rate rise from 19.76/100,000 to 22.56/100,000, though age-standardized mortality decreased by 2.68% annually. YLDs rose from 124,386 to 301,426, with the rate increasing by 2.20% annually, while age-standardized YLDs decreased by 0.67% annually. High sodium intake and low fruit consumption were key risk factors for HHD deaths. Deaths related to low vegetable intake decreased until 2005 and then rose, while deaths from lead exposure showed a similar pattern. Conclusion: HHD cases and prevalence increased significantly, but age-standardized prevalence and mortality rates declined, reflecting the impact of an aging population and improved health interventions. The rise in YLDs highlights the long-term impact on patients’ quality of life. Key risk factors included high sodium intake and low fruit consumption, emphasizing the importance of dietary improvements in HHD prevention. HHD remains a significant public health challenge in China, requiring continuous research and targeted prevention strategies.