Analysis of Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Different Types of Primary Hyperuricemia

Abstract

Objective: This paper aims to study the clinical characteristics of patients with different types of primary hyperuricemia (HUA). Methods: Using a retrospective research method, 200 patients with primary HUA in the hospital from June 2020 to January 2023 were selected as the research objects. Patients were grouped according to the detection results of 24-hour urinary uric acid excretion (UUE) and fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA) (renal insufficiency type, renal overload type, mixed type, and other types). The general information of patients in the four groups (gender, age, body mass index, living habits, etc.), underlying diseases (hypertension, diabetes), blood test results [uric acid (UA), creatinine (Cre)], urine test results (24-hour urine UA, 24-hour urine Cre) were summarized and the differences between the groups were analyzed. Results: The 200 cases of HUA patients were divided into 54.00% with renal insufficiency type, 38.50% with mixed type, 6.00% with renal overload type, and 1.50% with other types. The age of patients with mixed HUA was younger than that of patients with other types, renal overload type, and renal insufficiency type, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The UA level of patients with other types of HUA was lower than that of patients with mixed type HUA, and there was statistical significance (P < 0.05). The Cre level of patients with mixed type HUA was lower than that of patients with renal insufficiency type and renal overload type, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The 24-hour urinary UA level in patients with renal insufficiency type HUA was lower than that in patients with renal overload type and mixed type HUA, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The 24-hour urinary Cre level of patients with other types of HUA was lower than that of patients with renal overload type and mixed HUA, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) level of patients with other types of HUA was lower than that of patients with mixed type HUA, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the proportions of hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and urinary calculi among patients with renal insufficiency type, renal overload type, mixed type, and other types of HUA (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The primary HUA patients are mainly of renal insufficiency type, followed by mixed type. There are significant differences in the clinical characteristics of patients with different types of HUA. Among them, patients with other types of HUA are the oldest and have the lowest uric acid levels. Patients with mixed HUA had the best renal function but the highest 24-hour urine creatinine level. This study can be used as a basis for rational selection of urate-lowering drugs for different HUA patients.