Effects of Ergonomic Interventions and Assistive Devices in Nursing Practice: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Objective: To systematically evaluate the effects of ergonomic interventions and assistive devices on work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), physical workload, and nursing safety during nursing procedures.
Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 statement. Eleven electronic databases were searched from inception to November 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‑experimental studies were included. The PICO framework was used to establish the research question. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and JBI Critical Appraisal Tool.
Results: A total of 67 studies were included (32 RCTs and 35 quasi‑experiments). Engineering control interventions (e.g., transfer equipment, height‑adjustable hospital beds) significantly reduced lumbar load and the incidence of WMSDs. Comprehensive interventions combining equipment, training, and workflow optimization achieved the most stable and sustained effects. Single training interventions showed limited effectiveness. Although some devices slightly prolonged operation time, they reduced long‑term injury risks.
Conclusions: Assistive devices based on engineering controls are core strategies for preventing occupational musculoskeletal injuries among nurses. Wider implementation is limited by compliance and organizational barriers. Future research should strengthen intelligent equipment applications and implementation science to improve sustainability and clinical adaptability.