Forensic Evaluation of Blindness Following Ocular Bee Sting: A Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

This report presents a forensic evaluation of a case involving blindness (visual acuity grade 5) following a bee/wasp sting to the left eye. Through systematic analysis of the patient’s multiple hospital admissions, postoperative follow-up data, and a review of the pathological mechanisms of ocular injury caused by bee venom, this study comprehensively assesses the injury characteristics, treatment course, and visual outcomes. Bee venom induces severe complications such as corneal damage, uveitis, cataract, and secondary glaucoma through multiple mechanisms including direct cytotoxicity, immune-inflammatory responses, and enzymatic hydrolysis. Despite interventions including anterior chamber irrigation, phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation, and antiglaucoma surgery, the affected eye ultimately lost light perception. Forensic examination confirmed the absence of light perception in the left eye and abnormal visual pathway function, consistent with clinical observations. According to the relevant Chinese disability assessment standard (JR/T 0083-2013, Article 4.2.2), the injury was classified as grade 7 disability. This study provides an in-depth discussion of the mechanisms and key forensic identification points in bee-sting-induced blindness, offering a scientific reference for similar forensic clinical cases.