Keywords
Pathogenesis
Pulmonary surfactant
Non-invasive ventilation
Therapeutic advances
Submitted : 2025-12-01
Accepted : 2025-12-16
Published : 2025-12-31
Abstract
Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) in newborns, also known as neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, is a common critical illness in premature infants, with an incidence inversely correlated with gestational age, posing a serious threat to the life and health of newborns. This paper systematically reviews the core pathogenesis of HMD, focusing on the abnormal metabolism of pulmonary surfactant (PS), genetic factors, immature lung development, and the synergistic effects of inflammatory oxidative stress. It highlights the advances in non-invasive ventilation (NIV) therapy for HMD, including the mechanisms of action, clinical application effects, and optimization strategies of mainstream modalities such as nasal continuous positive airway pressure ventilation (NCPAP), nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), and heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula ventilation (HHHFNC). The aim is to provide references for standardized clinical treatment.
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