Cognitive impairment is a common symptom of various neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, an increasing body of research has focused on the relationship between oral microbiota and cognitive impairment. This review aims to explore the microbial homeostasis of oral microbiota and its interactions and mechanisms with the host, as well as the impact of specific pathogenic bacteria on cognitive function. By summarizing existing studies, this review aims to provide a theoretical basis for the pathogenesis, risk assessment, and early intervention and treatment strategies for cognitive impairment.
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