The Effect of Venetoclax Combined with Azacitidine on the Clinical Efficacy, Immune Function, and Adverse Reactions in Elderly Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the immune function and safety of Venetoclax combined with Azacitidine in the treatment of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods: Sixty-eight elderly AML patients who visited the hospital from January 2021 to December 2024 were selected as samples and randomly divided into two groups. Group A was treated with Venetoclax and Azacitidine, while Group B was treated with Azacitidine alone. Immune indicators, inflammatory factors, tumor markers, and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results:  The levels of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ in Group A were higher than those in Group B (P < 0.05). The tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level in Group A was lower than that in Group B, while the interferon-γ (IFN-γ) level was higher (P < 0.05). The levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in Group A were lower than those in Group B (P < 0.05). The adverse reaction rate in Group A was lower than that in Group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of Venetoclax and Azacitidine in the treatment of elderly AML patients can improve immune function, inhibit inflammation, delay disease progression, and is safe and efficient.