Keywords
Tumor
Adverse reactions
Quantitative rating
Nursing intervention
Clinical value research
Submitted : 2025-05-13
Accepted : 2025-05-28
Published : 2025-06-12
Abstract
Objective: To monitor the incidence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), and to evaluate the effectiveness of nursing interventions using a quantitative scoring system. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 65 cancer patients who received PD-1 therapy at the Oncology Department of Baotou Cancer Hospital from December 2023 to December 2024. The study examined the clinical features and blood test results related to irAEs. The National Cancer Institute’s Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE) was used to grade the severity of these events, which were classified into five levels. Based on the NCI-CTCAE scores, appropriate nursing measures were implemented, and a comprehensive risk assessment framework was developed. Results: The study group showed lower complication rates, overall incidence, and average hospital stay compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Among the 65 patients, twenty-eight (43.07%) experienced a total of 35 irAEs, with 2 (5.71%) being grade 3 or 4. The most frequent irAEs were dermatological conditions (34.29%), particularly rash with itching. The occurrence of irAEs did not correlate with patient gender, age, blood parameters (hemoglobin, white blood cell count, platelet count, etc.), or liver function (P > 0.05), but it was associated with tumor type (P < 0.05). Conclusion: PD-1 treatment is generally safe, with a low incidence of severe (grade 3 or higher) irAEs. Close monitoring is essential to ensure early detection, intervention, and management of irAEs, thereby maintaining a low level of adverse events and enhancing the safety and efficacy of PD-1 therapy. Implementing a quantitative risk scoring system for nursing care can decrease the rate of complications, enhance patient safety, and potentially reduce hospital stays and medical costs.
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