Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation of Injectable Spearhead Pit Viper Hemagglutinin in Local Hemostatic Treatment of Non-Ruptured Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and drug affordability of injectable spearhead pit viper hemagglutinin (TTP) in the local hemostatic treatment of non-ruptured upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and to provide an evidence-based reference for its rational clinical application. Methods: 80 cases of acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding patients admitted to the hospital from October 2022 to April 2023 were screened as research subjects, and divided into a control group and a research group, both including 40 patients. The control group was selected to give hemostatic treatment for endoscopic bleeding foci according to the condition in endoscopic operation by clamping and coagulation, while the research group was selected to provide local hemostatic treatment for non-ruptured bleeding foci in endoscopic operation. The study group was given hemostatic treatment to endoscopic bleeding foci during endoscopic operation according to the condition (endoscopic spraying hemostasis or submucosal injection hemostasis). The study observed and analyzed the effectiveness, adverse reactions, as well as hospital stay, and cost of the patients in the two groups. Results: The total effective rate of hemostasis in the control group was 75.00%, and the total effective rate of hemostasis in the study group was 95.00%, which was significantly better than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The incidence rate of adverse events in patients in the experimental group was 5.00%, while that in the control group was 7.50%, and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The hospital stay in the patients in the study group was 3.02 ± 1.41 days, and the average hospitalization cost was 5274.89 ± 1691.21 yuan, both of which were significantly lower than 5.93 ± 1.43 days, and 11220.12 ± 3202.14 yuan in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: TTP, as a new type of hemostatic agent, can significantly improve the efficacy of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and has good affordability, so it can be considered for promotion and application in the clinic.