Keywords
Pulmonary sarcoidosis
CT imaging features
Tumor markers
Sleep quality
Emotion regulation
Submitted : 2026-02-08
Accepted : 2026-02-23
Published : 2026-03-10
Abstract
Pulmonary nodules represent a prevalent pulmonary lesion with a rising clinical detection rate, and a subset may undergo malignant transformation to lung cancer. Even benign nodules frequently elicit anxiety, sleep disturbances, and other adverse outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Mongolian Mind-Body Interactive Therapy (MMBIT) on CT imaging and clinical characteristics of pulmonary nodules, and quality of life in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. A total of 36 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis admitted to the Outpatient Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Inner Mongolia International Mongolian Medicine Hospital, between July 2021 and July 2022 were enrolled. All patients received a consecutive 21-day MMBIT intervention. By comparing the data before and after treatment, the maximum diameter of pulmonary nodules decreased from 6.8 ± 2.3 mm to 5.2 ± 1.8 mm (P < 0.001), the proportion of nodules with smooth margins increased from 27.78% to 50.00% (P = 0.034), while no significant alterations were observed in nodule count or density (P > 0.05); The concentrations of respiratory system tumor markers ProGRP, NSE, and FER significantly decreased after treatment (P < 0.05), while the concentrations of SCCA, CYFRA21-1, and CEA did not change significantly. The total PSQI score reduced from 7.2 ± 2.1 to 5.8 ± 1.9 (P = 0.003), and sleep duration extended from 6.1 ± 1.2 h to 6.8 ± 1.0 h (P = 0.006). The SF-36 scale was significantly elevated compared with pre-intervention levels (P < 0.05). Emotion regulation self-efficacy was strengthened, with scores of all three dimensions in the SRESE significantly increased (P < 0.001). In conclusion, MMBIT can significantly mitigate the imaging characteristics associated with the malignant potential of pulmonary nodules, modulate relevant tumor marker levels, and improve autonomic nervous function in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis, while concurrently enhancing their sleep quality, quality of life, and emotion regulation self-efficacy. Thus, it emerges as a safe and effective adjuvant therapeutic strategy for the comprehensive management of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis.
References
Iannuzzi MC, Rybicki BA, Teirstein AS, 2007, Sarcoidosis. N Engl J Med, 357(21): 2153–2165.
Spagnolo P, Rossi G, Trisolini R, et al., 2018, Pulmonary Sarcoidosis. Lancet Respir Med, 6(5): 389–402.
Interstitial Lung Disease Group, Respiratory Disease Branch of Chinese Medical Association; Interstitial Lung Disease Working Committee, Respiratory Physician Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, 2019, Expert Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis in China. Chin J Tuberc Respir Dis, 42(9): 685–693.
Xu L, Su Z, Xie B, 2021, Diagnostic Value of Conventional Tumor Markers in Young Patients with Pulmonary Nodules. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis, 35(9): e23912.
Bi H, Yin L, Fang W, et al., 2023, Association of CEA, NSE, CYFRA 21-1, SCC-Ag, and ProGRP with Clinicopathological Characteristics and Chemotherapeutic Outcomes of Lung Cancer. Laboratory Medicine, 54(4): 372–379.
Chen YR, Wang ML, Yang ZY, et al., 2025, Deep Association Between Emotions and Bronchial Asthma: From Mechanisms to Clinical Interventions. Nurs Sci, 14: 915.
Koroscil MT, Bowman MH, Morris MJ, et al., 2018, Effect of a Pulmonary Nodule Fact Sheet on Patient Anxiety and Knowledge: A Quality Improvement Initiative. BMJ Open Qual, 7(3): e000437.
Tao Z, Li S, Nie J, et al., 2025, A Novel CBGT Model for Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Pulmonary Nodules. BMC Psychol, 13(1): 1095.
Meng GH, Nagongbilige, Sha RN, et al., 2018, Effect of Mongolian Medicine Mind-Body Interaction Therapy on Cognitive Function in Depression. China Medical Herald, 15(29): 169–172.
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Mongolian Medicine Association, 2025, Clinical Application Standards of Mongolian Mind-Body Interactive Therapy (T/IMAAMM 001-2025), viewed November 11, 2025, https://www.guifan.net/biaozhun/tuanti/553770.html
Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, et al., 1989, The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A New Instrument for Psychiatric Practice and Research. Psychiatry Res, 28(2): 193–213.
Ware JE, Sherbourne CD, 1992, The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual Framework and Item Selection. Med Care, 30(6): 473–483.
Li L, Wang HM, Shen Y, 2002, Development and Performance Testing of the Chinese Version of the SF-36 Health Survey. Chin J Prev Med, (2): 38–42.
Wang YJ, Dou K, Liu Y, 2013, Revision of the Self-Efficacy for Emotion Regulation Scale. J Guangzhou Univ (Soc Sci Ed), 12(1): 45–50.
Dos Santos Disessa H, Monteiro PHM, da Silva Zacharias V, et al., 2024, A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Investigating the Impact of Exercise Interventions on Heart Rate Variability in Hemodialysis Patients. Sci Rep, 14(1): 30818.
Fang J, Bao W, Chagan-Yasutan H, et al., 2024, Mechanism of Mongolian Mind-Body Interactive Therapy in Regulating Essential Hypertension Through HTR2B: A Metabolome- and Transcriptome-Based Study. Heliyon, 10(17): e37113.
Liu D, Wu D, Ni J, et al., 2025, NSE and ProGRP Are Promising Markers for Diagnosis, Efficacy Evaluation, Follow-Up Monitoring, and Prognosis of Small Cell Esophageal Carcinoma. Thorac Cancer, 16(4): e70026.