Keywords
Epidemiology
Clinical parameter
BMI
Submitted : 2024-12-08
Accepted : 2024-12-23
Published : 2025-01-07
Abstract
This study was conducted at Bahawalpur Medical and Dental College (BMDC) in collaboration with Bahawalpur Institute of Nuclear Oncology (BINO) Hospital, Pakistan, and aimed to analyze the demographic and clinical characteristics of breast cancer patients. A self-structured questionnaire was developed to collect comprehensive data, including gender, age, regional residence, marital status, reproductive history, BMI, cancer type, stage, time of detection, and family cancer history. Data were collected from 500 female breast cancer patients, with 402 meeting inclusion criteria after excluding incomplete records and male patients. The study revealed a distribution of breast cancer cases across age groups, with a majority aged 41–60 years. BMI classification showed notable proportions of patients classified as obese. Family cancer history was reported in 35.3% of patients. Most patients were non-smokers (97%), and reproductive status showed 37.3% premenopausal, 60.2% postmenopausal, and 2.5% nulliparous. Cancer staging indicated 7.9% with stage 1, 27.4% with stage 2, 42.0% with stage 3, and 16.2% with stage 4 cancer. The majority (95.3%) were diagnosed within 0–5 years of detection. Comparisons with existing literature highlight consistency in age distribution trends and BMI correlations, while variations exist in family cancer history and smoking prevalence. The findings emphasize the importance of tailored prevention and early detection strategies, considering demographic and clinical profiles to enhance breast cancer management and outcomes in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and explore additional factors influencing breast cancer incidence and treatment responses.
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