Keywords
Pregnancy-related anxiety
Sleep quality during pregnancy
Prospective longitudinal study
Joint trajectory analysis
PP-LCGM
Submitted : 2026-05-04
Accepted : 2026-05-19
Published : 2026-06-03
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to describe the joint trajectories of depression, anxiety, and sleep quality during pregnancy, identify at-risk trajectory populations, and identify their predictable risk factors. Methods: The sample consisted of 146 pregnant women who completed the pregnancy follow-up. Data were collected at four gestational time points. Parallel process latent class growth analysis (PP-LCGA) was employed to identify the synchronous trajectory patterns of depression, anxiety, and sleep quality. Multiple logistic regression models determined the risk factors associated with individuals exhibiting these vulnerable trajectories. Results: Three trajectories related to changes in depression, anxiety, and sleep quality during pregnancy were identified as follows: the stable asymptomatic group (34.2%), the general health group (43.8%), and the joint symptoms group (21.9%). The predictors of the joint symptoms group trajectory included abortion experience (OR = 2.366, 95% CI [1.153;4.856]), lower back pain during pregnancy (OR = 3.286, 95% CI [1.296;8.331]), and the impact of pregnancy on daily life (OR = 5.619, 95% CI [1.843;17.128]). Conclusions: There is heterogeneity in the trajectories of depression, anxiety, and sleep quality during pregnancy. Previous miscarriage, low back pain in the first trimester, and the impact of pregnancy on life were predictors in the combined trajectory group.
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