Keywords
Threatened abortion
Kidney deficiency and blood stasis
Traditional Chinese medicine treatment
Western medicine treatment
Research progress
Submitted : 2025-06-11
Accepted : 2025-06-26
Published : 2025-07-11
Abstract
Subchorionic hematoma (SCH) is a common complication in early pregnancy, which may increase the risks of miscarriage, preterm birth, and placental abruption. With its relatively high incidence in recent years, early detection and timely treatment are crucial for improving adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with threatened abortion complicated by SCH. Although there is currently insufficient evidence-based medical support for SCH treatment, significant clinical experience has been accumulated. Both traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine have their respective advantages and have achieved notable results. This article reviews the progress in integrated TCM and Western medicine treatment for threatened abortion with SCH, aiming to provide references for future clinical prevention and treatment of this condition.
References
Li Y, Dong M, Chen C, 2022, Effects of Modified Shoutai Pill Combined with Phloroglucinol Injection on Threatened Abortion with Subchorionic Hematoma. Hebei Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 44(11): 1857–1860 + 1878.
Khan R, Taimoor A, Nazir A, et al., 2021, Association Of Subchorionic Hematoma With Preterm Labour In Patients With Threatened Abortion. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad, 33(3): 451–455.
Norman S, Odibo A, Macones G, et al., 2010, Ultrasound-Detected Subchorionic Hemorrhage and the Obstetric Implications. Obstet Gynecol, 116(2 Part 1): 311–315.
Gu C, He Y, Li X, et al., 2023, The Effects of First-Trimester Subchorionic Hematoma on Pregnancy Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Arch Gynecol Obstet, 308(4): 1159–1164.
Liang W, Yan X, Shi Y, et al., 2024, Association Between Graded Subchorionic Hematoma and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Singleton Pregnancies: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study. Arch Gynecol Obstet, 309(2): 541–549.
Tan Y, 2016, Traditional Chinese Medicine Gynecology. China Press of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 353.
Li Y, Zeng L, Li Y, et al., 2016, Treatment Experience of Lingnan Luo’s Gynecology School for Threatened Abortion of Kidney Deficiency and Blood Stasis Type. Chinese Journal of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacy, 25(21): 58–61.
Fang F, Chen X, 2018, Influencing Factors and TCM Syndrome Distribution Patterns of Early Threatened Abortion with Subchorionic Hematoma. China Modern Doctor, 56(32): 129–132.
Yin T, Huang C, Yue B, et al., 2024, Experience in Treating Subchorionic Hematoma Based on “Latent Dragon Do Not Use” Theory. Liaoning Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 51(7): 13–16.
Du H, Ding J, 2023, Clinical Observation of Bushen Huayu Method as Adjuvant Therapy for Early Threatened Abortion with Subchorionic Hematoma. Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Medicine, 39(3): 513–514.
Wang S, Wang Y, Chen X, 2022, Therapeutic Effect of Bushen Huoxue Antai Decoction on Subchorionic Hematoma in Early Pregnancy. Shaanxi Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 43(10): 1369–1372.
Huang Y, Xu Q, Li C, 2023, Clinical Observation of Modified Shoutai Pill as Adjuvant Therapy for Threatened Abortion with Subchorionic Hematoma. Practical Clinical Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, 23(16): 110–112 + 124.
Yang B, Zhou H, 2019, Clinical Observation of Modified Shoutai Pill Combined with Progesterone and Low Molecular Weight Heparin in Treating Recurrent Abortion. World Chinese Medicine, 14(6): 1502–1506.
Yang L, Zuo W, 2024, Effects of Yishen Antai Huayu Decoction on Coagulation Parameters and Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients with Early Threatened Abortion and Subchorionic Hematoma of Kidney Deficiency and Blood Stasis Type. Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 44(1): 31–36.
Ding C, Zuo J, Shi H, 2022, Clinical Efficacy of Modified Jiaowei Tang Combined with Shoutai Pill in Treating Threatened Abortion of Kidney Deficiency and Blood Stasis Type. Chinese Journal of Family Planning, 30(12): 2744–2748.
Tetruashvili N, Domar A, Bashiri A, 2023, Prevention of Pregnancy Loss: Combining Progestogen Treatment and Psychological Support. J Clin Med, 12(5): 1827.
Katalinic A, Noftz M, Garcia-Velasco J, et al., 2024, No Additional Risk of Congenital Anomalies After First-Trimester Dydrogesterone Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Hum Reprod Open, 2024(1): hoae004.
Zhang Y, 2025, Effects of Dydrogesterone Combined with Progesterone on Sex Hormones, Immune Function, Vaginal Microecology and Fetal Protection in Patients with Early Threatened Abortion. Northwest Pharmaceutical Journal, 40(1): 200–204.
Ling Y, Huang J, 2017, Clinical Effect of Progesterone in Treating Threatened Abortion with Subchorionic Hematoma. Journal of Clinical Rational Drug Use, 10(29): 63–64.
Wu H, Zhang S, Lin X, et al., 2021, Pregnancy-Related Complications and Perinatal Outcomes Following Progesterone Supplementation Before 20 Weeks of Pregnancy in Spontaneously Achieved Singleton Pregnancies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol, 19(1): 165.
Ling H, Tong J, Liu F, 2020, Clinical Study of Dydrogesterone Combined with Phloroglucinol in Treating Threatened Abortion. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 36(24): 3978–3980.
Guo L, Wei C, Wang F, et al., 2024, Effects of Ritodrine Hydrochloride Combined with Magnesium Sulfate on Immune Regulation, Sex Hormone Levels and Maternal-Infant Outcomes in Elderly Second-Child Women with Threatened Abortion. Journal of China Medical University, 53(10): 893–899.
Li J, Deng J, Liu J, et al., 2024, Clinical Study of Ritodrine Hydrochloride, Phloroglucinol and Magnesium Sulfate in Patients with Threatened Abortion After 20 Weeks of Pregnancy. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 40(2): 175–179.
Lin X, Lin Q, Chen L, et al., 2021, Efficacy of Conventional Fetal Protection Combined with Passive Immunotherapy with Immunoglobulin in Patients with Recurrent Abortion and Negative Blocking Antibodies. Journal of Southwest Medical University, 44(2): 154–158.
Li R, Chen L, Wang Y, et al., 2023, Effect of IVIG on Habitual Abortion with Subchorionic Hematoma and Its Influence on Maternal and Infant Outcomes. Clinical Misdiagnosis & Mistherapy, 36(8): 84–88.
Cui L, 2023, Effect of Immunoglobulin Combined with Low Molecular Weight Heparin on Curative Effect and Pregnancy Outcome in Patients with Subchorionic Hematoma. Medical Forum, 27(29): 57–59.
Qian J, 2019, Therapeutic Effect of Immunoglobulin Combined with Low Molecular Weight Heparin on Patients with Subchorionic Hematoma, Pregnancy Outcome and Levels of INF-γ and IL-10. Maternal and Child Health Care of China, 34(4): 749–752.
Wang Z, Xiao J, 2020, Efficacy Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Heparin in Subchorionic Hematoma. Heilongjiang Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 49(6): 424–425.
Li H, Wu X, Zhou Y, 2017, Clinical Observation of Low Molecular Weight Heparin Sodium Combined with Dydrogesterone in Treating Threatened Abortion. China Pharmacy, 28(18): 2499–2502.
Liu Y, Liu Y, 2023, Study on the Application Effect of Low Molecular Weight Heparin in the Treatment of Patients with Subchorionic Hematoma. Electronic Journal of Practical Gynecological Endocrinology, 10(14): 75–77.
Zhang L, Ma J, 2024, Study on the Effect of Zishen Yutai Pill Combined with Drotaverine Hydrochloride Tablets in the Treatment of Subchorionic Hematoma. World Chinese Medicine, 19(14): 2156–2159.
Fang F, Chen X, 2024, Clinical Study of Low Molecular Weight Heparin Calcium Combined with Modified Shoutai Pill in the Treatment of Early Threatened Abortion with Subchorionic Hematoma. Shanghai Medical & Pharmaceutical Journal, 45(9): 29–32 + 36.
Zhang R, 2023, Observation on the Effect of Baotailing Capsule Combined with Dydrogesterone in the Treatment of Early Threatened Abortion with Subchorionic Hematoma. Practical Clinical Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, 23(24): 51–53 + 101.
Wang S, Zhu L, Zhou X, et al., 2020, Meta-Analysis of Clinical Efficacy of Bushen Huoxue Chinese Herbal Compound Combined with Western Medicine in Treating Subchorionic Hematoma. World Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 15(5): 830–834 + 840.
Kong D, Guo Q, Huang F, 2021, Observation on the Effect of Bushen Huoxue Prescription Combined with Dydrogesterone in Treating Early Threatened Abortion of Kidney Deficiency and Blood Stasis Type. Chinese Journal of Rural Medicine and Pharmacy, 28(2): 23–24.