Clinical Analysis of Premature Rupture of Membranes in Late Pregnancy and the Risk of Maternal and Neonatal Infections

Abstract

Objective: To explore the relationship between premature rupture of membranes (PROM) in late pregnancy and diseases related to maternal and neonatal infections. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 300 cases of PROM puerperas (Group A) and 200 cases of normal delivery puerperas (Group B) who gave birth at Datong Fifth People’s Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023. The amniotic fluid contamination, placental pathology, maternal and neonatal infection indicators, and the incidence of perinatal infectious diseases were compared between the two groups. Results: The degree of amniotic fluid contamination in the PROM group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.01), but the incidence of bloody amniotic fluid was higher (P < 0.05). The infiltration rate of inflammatory cells in the placenta was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B (P < 0.01). In Group A, the white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage, and procalcitonin levels of the puerperas were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The incidence of intra-amniotic infection, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, and meconium aspiration syndrome was higher in Group A (P < 0.05). The white blood cell count and neutrophil indicators of neonates were significantly elevated in Group A. Conclusion: Premature rupture of membranes in late pregnancy significantly increases the risk of maternal and neonatal infections. Joint monitoring of multiple laboratory indicators and rational use of antibiotics are important for improving outcomes.