Urology Research

A Study on Pain Improvement Using Compound Diclofenac Sodium with Pethidine and Scopolamine in the Treatment of Acute Renal Colic

Weidong Wang — 2024-03-29

Objective: To analyze the improvement effect of compound diclofenac sodium with pethidine and scopolamine on patients’ pain in the treatment of acute renal colic. Methods: 360 patients with acute renal colic admitted from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected and divided into the control group and the observation group by double-blind method. The control group applied pethidine with scopolamine treatment and the observation group adopted the same treatment combined with compound diclofenac sodium. Comparison between the two groups was made in terms of pain improvement, the disappearance time of each symptom, as well as the treatment effect and adverse drug reactions. Results: The pain score of the observation group after treatment was lower than that of the control group, the disappearance time of each symptom was shorter than that of the control group, the total treatment effectiveness was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05), and the difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups was not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: In the treatment of acute renal colic, the combined application of compound diclofenac sodium with pethidine and scopolamine can actively improve the pain symptoms and promote the disappearance of each symptom as early as possible, which is effective and has few adverse reactions.

The Usefulness of Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Metastasis in Patients with Urothelial Carcinoma — A Secondary Publication

Akio Takayanagi — 2024-03-29

Purpose: This study examined the usefulness of positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of metastasis in patients with urothelial carcinoma. Materials and methods: The subjects were patients who were newly diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma in our department on whom we performed CT and PET/CT to search for metastasis. Results: The median age of the 92 subjects was 71 years, and bladder and upper tract urothelial cancer were underlying diseases in 41 (46%) and 51 (54%) patients, respectively. In 66 (72%) of the 92 cases, no metastasis was observed by CT, while PET/CT revealed metastasis in 9 (14%). The 57 (86%) patients in whom both CT and PET/CT showed no metastasis underwent radical surgery, while 2 patients (4%) exhibited pathological lymph node metastasis. Of the 26 patients in whom CT revealed metastasis, PET/CT showed no metastasis in 3 (12%), and the absence of pathological metastasis was confirmed in all patients. Of the 23 patients found to have metastasis in both CT and PET/CT, metastasis that could not be identified by CT was discovered by performing PET/CT in 10 (43%) patients. PET/CT showed significantly higher diagnostic accuracy than CT alone (P < 0.01), with sensitivities of 94.1% and 67.6%, specificities of 100% and 94.8%, and accuracy rates of 97.8% and 84.7%, respectively. Conclusions: PET/CT of patients with urothelial cancer revealed that metastases that cannot be diagnosed by CT alone are found at a significant frequency. Since these metastases can affect treatment choices in patients with urothelial cancer, PET/CT is considered to be useful in diagnosing metastases in patients with urothelial cancer.

Study of Urine Treatment After BCG Intravesical Instillation Therapy — A Secondary Publication

Yoshimasa Kondo — 2024-03-29

Background and methods: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) intravesical instillation therapy is used to treat non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Instilled BCG is typically collected at the time of initial urination and disposed of after sterilization with 10% sodium hypochlorite or household bleach, however, these methods can have unpleasant effects, such as pungent odor, rapid foaming, and fever. We investigated whether isopropanol can be used to sterilize and dispose of urine after BCG intravesical instillation therapy since isopropanol at a concentration of 33% or higher (70% isopropanol was used in this study) has the same disinfectant and bactericidal effects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis as 10% sodium hypochlorite or household bleach. Results: The use of isopropanol eliminated the unpleasant effects experienced with sodium hypochlorite and no growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was observed in culture tests. Conclusion: Isopropanol is safer than sodium hypochlorite, and should be considered for sterilizing and disposing of urine after BCG intravesical instillation therapy in the future. However, fire and ventilation precautions are required.

Comparison of Clinical Effects of Sacubitril Valsartan Sodium Tablets and Nifedipine Controlled-Release Tablets in the Treatment of Chronic Renal Insufficiency Complicated with Hypertension

Meijuan Ma — 2024-05-09

Objective: To compare the clinical effects of using sacubitril valsartan sodium tablets with nifedipine controlled-release tablets in patients with chronic renal insufficiency combined with hypertension. Methods: 110 patients with chronic renal insufficiency combined with hypertension treated in our hospital from April 2023 to February 2024 were taken as the study subjects. They were divided into the test group (n = 55) and the comparison group (n = 55) by randomized numerical table method. The test group was provided with sacubitril valsartan sodium tablets and the comparison group was treated with nifedipine controlled-release tablets. The urine excretion rate of albumin and blood urea nitrogen levels as well as adverse effects were compared before and after treatment in both groups. Results: In the test group, the urinary albumin excretion rate was 101.77 ± 7.42 μg/min and the blood urea nitrogen level was 15.81 ± 1.76 mmol/L, which was much lower than that of the comparison group; the total rate of adverse reactions in the test group was 1.82%, which was significantly lower than that of the comparison group, the difference between the data of the test group and the comparison group after treatment is statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: By providing treatment with sacubitril valsartan sodium tablets for patients with chronic renal insufficiency combined with hypertension, their urinary albumin excretion rate and blood urea nitrogen level are significantly improved, and the total occurrence rate of adverse reactions is low.

The Value of Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in the Detection of Chemical Constituents of Kidney Tonic and Aphrodisiac Chinese Herbal Preparations

Geng Weng — 2024-05-09

Objective: To investigate the application of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in the determination of chemical constituents of kidney tonic and aphrodisiac Chinese herbal preparations. Methods: In this study, 30 kidney tonic and aphrodisiac Chinese herbal preparations were selected as experimental materials, and chromatography and LC-MS were used to detect their chemical compositions in the control group and the experimental group, respectively. The excellent rate of detection method, identification time, and accuracy of the two methods were compared. Results: The excellent rate of the detection method in the experimental group (93.33%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (73.33%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); compared with the control group, the detection time and retention time error in the experimental group were shorter, and the difference showed highly significant correlation (P < 0.001). Conclusion: LC-MS is of high value in the detection of chemical constituents of kidney tonic and aphrodisiac Chinese herbal preparations, which can significantly improve the excellent rate of the detection method and the success rate, shorten the detection time, and reduce the retention time error, and is worth to be popularized.