Urology Research

Risk Factors for Urethral Stricture Following Transurethral Resection of the Prostate in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Preventive Nursing Strategies

Chao Gao — 2026-03-17

Objective: To analyze risk factors for urethral stricture and preventive nursing strategies following transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods: Clinical data of 266 BPH patients undergoing TURP in our hospital’s Department of Urology from June 2020 to May 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Postoperative urethral stricture incidence was observed and recorded, with multivariate logistic regression analysis applied to identify risk factors. Results: Among 266 BPH patients undergoing TURP, 21 developed urethral strictures (incidence rate: 7.89%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a history of diabetes mellitus, preoperative urethral infection, Grade III prostate volume, operative time ≥ 70 min, urinary catheterization duration ≥ 5 days, and intraoperative urethral dilation and reconstruction were independent risk factors for urethral stricture following TURP in BPH patients. Conclusion: Multiple risk factors contribute to urethral stricture following transurethral resection of the prostate in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Implementing safe and effective preventive measures is essential to control these risks and improve patient outcomes.

A Case of Giant Pheochromocytoma with Type B Aortic Dissection

Tenghong Huang — 2026-03-17

Pheochromocytoma is a chromaffin tissue originating from the adrenal medulla, sympathetic ganglia, or other sites, synthesizing and secreting catecholamines to cause persistent or paroxysmal hypertension alongside multifaceted organ dysfunction and metabolic disorders. However, no cases of giant pheochromocytoma complicated by type B aortic dissection have been previously reported. This retrospective analysis details the diagnosis and management of one such case, alongside a review of relevant literature, to inform treatment strategies for giant pheochromocytoma. The case is reported as follows.

Identification of Mitochondria-related Genes in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells of Chronic Kidney Disease

Bosheng Luo — 2026-03-17

Background: Mitochondria treatment has a broad application prospect in relieving CKD. This study’s objective was to employ bioinformatics and experimental strategies to identify and validate the Mitochondria-related genes and CKD association induced by TGF-β1. Methods: 266 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in GSE66494 database from GEO. Then we picked 1136 mitochondria-related genes which were from Mitocart3.0 database for obtaining intersecting genes between the former and the latter. Subsequently, the intersecting genes were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) axis enrichment assessments and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Furthermore, we did Immune invasion assessment and a Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) axis was conducted. Finally, the gene expression levels of some intersecting genes with the most abundant connections in control and TGF-β1 groups, as evidenced by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR) analysis. Results: 26 intersecting genes among DEGs and mitochondria-related genes were identified. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated biological processes namely small molecule catabolic, response to peptide hormone, hormone metabolic, organic acid catabolic and carboxylic acid catabolic processes are significantly affected, then a lot of intersecting genes were mainly concentrated in processes like the small molecule catabolic, response to peptide hormone, hormone metabolic, organic acid catabolic processes and so on. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis demonstrated that DEG was concentrated in mitochondrial related gene expression, mitochondrial autophagy, mitochondrial electron chain transmission, Jak/Stat signaling pathway regulation, histone H2A ubiquitination, and cell cycle pathways, Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network demonstrated these intersecting genes interacted with each another. Finally, via RT-QPCR evaluation, we revealed that the four gene expressions with the most connections were substantially reduced, relative to the normal group. Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study aimed to indicated that during the process of a global transcriptional reprogramming in TGF-β1 induced CKD, mitochondria-related genes plays a significant role. Mitochondria-related genes were strongly upregulated by treatment and then to reduce CKD.

Analysis of Pathogens and Calculus Components in Patients with Urolithiasis Complicated with Urosepsis

Xiaoming Wang — 2026-03-18

Objective: The incidence of urolithiasis is high in Yingde Area, and the incidence of urolithiasis complicated with urinary tract infection (UTI), especially urosepsis, is also high, which poses great challenges to clinical treatment. In addition, the negative rate of pathogen detection for this disease is high, and the composition of pathogens and calculus components has not been reported yet. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 450 patients with urolithiasis complicated by urinary tract infection who were admitted to the People’s Hospital of Yingde City between 2015 and 2024. The study population included 199 patients in the uncomplicated UTI group, 127 in the preoperative urosepsis group, 72 in the pyonephrosis group, and 31 in the non-infection group. Patient sex distribution, pathogen profiles from urine cultures, pathogen distribution associated with urinary nitrite positivity, stone composition, and pathogen distribution from blood cultures were systematically analyzed. Results: The distributions of sex, urinary pathogen profiles, urinary nitrite status, stone composition, and blood culture results across different patient groups are summarized in Tables 1–5. A female predominance was observed among patients with severe infections. In the pre-hospital urosepsis group, females accounted for 74.8% of the cases, while all patients in the postoperative urosepsis group were female. Urine culture results showed that the proportion of culture-negative cases decreased with increasing infection severity. The urine culture negative rate was 78.6% in the uncomplicated UTI group, 55.6% in the pyonephrosis group (60 of 72 patients underwent urine culture), 63.0% in the pre-hospital urosepsis group, and 38.1% in the postoperative urosepsis group. Among culture-positive urine samples, Escherichia coli was the most frequently identified pathogen across all groups. Blood culture analysis in patients with urosepsis revealed similar negative rates between the pre-hospital and postoperative groups (52.9% and 52.4%, respectively). Among culture-positive blood samples, E. coli was the predominant pathogen in both groups, while Enterococcus faecium was identified only in the postoperative urosepsis group. Urinary nitrite positivity increased with infection severity. The positive rates were 0% in the non-infection group, 8.5% in the uncomplicated UTI group, 29.2% in the pyonephrosis group, 24.4% in the pre-hospital urosepsis group, and 33.3% in the postoperative urosepsis group. Analysis of stone composition revealed that calcium oxalate–based calculi were the most common type in all groups. Calcium oxalate monohydrate combined with calcium oxalate dihydrate was the predominant component in the non-infection group (58.1%), uncomplicated UTI group (43.4%), pyonephrosis group (33.3%), and pre-hospital urosepsis group (33.1%). In both urosepsis groups, a subset of cases contained carbonate apatite (14.3% in the postoperative group and 12.6% in the pre-hospital group). Notably, L-cystine and pure calcium oxalate monohydrate were observed only in the pre-hospital urosepsis group (1.6% and 0.8%, respectively). Conclusion: Escherichia coli was the most frequently identified pathogen in patients with urolithiasis complicated by urosepsis. Notably, Enterococcus faecium was detected exclusively in patients with postoperative urosepsis, indicating that Gram-positive coccal infections in this population should not be overlooked. The predominant calculus components in both urosepsis groups were calcium oxalate–based stones, with a subset of cases containing carbonate apatite. In addition, struvite calculi were rarely observed, whereas carbonate apatite was present in a considerable proportion of cases, warranting clinical attention.