Proceedings of Anticancer Research

A Review of the Relationship between Tea Drinking and Breast Cancer

Jingjing Yu — 2025-04-02

The global incidence of breast cancer remains high and is increasing annually in some regions. Despite the variety of current treatments for breast cancer, the preventive and therapeutic effects are still limited due to the highly heterogeneous nature and complex biological mechanisms of breast cancer. In recent years, tea consumption has emerged as a research focus due to its possible anti-cancer properties. Numerous preclinical studies have demonstrated that regular tea intake could potentially curb the progression of breast cancer by influencing various biological mechanisms, including signaling pathways, cell cycle regulation, and immune system responses, among others. Nonetheless, the findings from epidemiological studies show considerable variability, and the connection between tea drinking and both the risk and outlook for breast cancer is shaped by numerous elements. These include the specific type of tea consumed, the quantity consumed, individual genetic variations, and environmental influences. This article summarizes the current research findings and delves into the connection between tea consumption and the risk as well as the prognosis of breast cancer among different regional populations. Meanwhile, it expounds on the potential molecular biological mechanisms behind it. The aim is to offer a theoretical foundation for the personalized prevention and treatment of breast cancer.

Construction of an Evidence-based Practice Protocol for Perioperative Nutritional Optimization in Esophageal Cancer Patients

Tingting Li — 2025-04-02

Objective: To construct an evidence-based practice plan for perioperative nutritional optimization in esophageal cancer patients. Methods: By systematically searching relevant guidelines at home and abroad, two experts independently assessed the quality of the guidelines, extracted valuable evidence and recommendations, and initially formed a draft nursing program. Subsequently, an expert panel was organized to conduct a detailed discussion to review the practicality and effectiveness of the recommendations one by one, and the program was finally revised and improved. Results: The protocol covered four stages of patients’ admission, preoperative, postoperative, and discharge, involving specific contents such as nutritional assessment, risk screening, dysphagia assessment, nutritional therapy, enteral and parenteral nutritional support, symptom management, and health education. The program included a total of 61 entries, with 33 class A recommendations and 28 class B recommendations. Conclusion: The constructed perioperative nutritional care program for esophageal cancer patients is scientific and practical, and can provide practical guidance for clinical care.

Advances and Challenges in mRNA Vaccine Technology

Ying Zhou — 2025-04-03

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, mRNA vaccine technology has achieved groundbreaking advancements. Characterized by its high safety profile and potent immune activation capabilities, this technology has demonstrated significant potential in the prevention of infectious diseases and cancer therapeutics, marking a new milestone in vaccine development. This review focuses on three key aspects—molecular design, delivery systems, and immunological mechanisms—providing a comprehensive analysis of structural optimization strategies, delivery methodologies, and immune modulation approaches for mRNA vaccines. Additionally, it summarizes and evaluates potential challenges that may arise in the future development of mRNA vaccines. By analyzing existing technological pathways, this review aims to advance innovation in mRNA vaccine technology and facilitate its broad applications in public health and veterinary medicine.

Research Progress of EZH2 in Tumors and Translational Perspectives

Yu Tian — 2025-04-02

Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a key epigenetic regulatory protein and enzyme catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2), responsible for catalyzing the trimethylation of histone H3K27 and subsequent repression of gene transcription. Abnormal EZH2 expression or mutation is associated with various cancers, particularly lymphoma, and breast and prostate cancer. EZH2 has been investigated as an important target in cancer therapy and potential EZH2-targeted drugs have been developed. This article reviews the research progress on the mechanism of transcriptional regulation of EZH2 and the development and clinical use of some inhibitors targeting EZH2.

Antioxidant Protective Effect of Melatonin on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Premature Ovarian Failure and its Mechanism

Chongran Liu — 2025-04-02

Objective: To study the antioxidant protective effect and mechanism of melatonin on cyclophosphamide-induced premature ovarian failure model mice. Methods: Six-month sexually mature female Kunming mice were taken for one week of acclimatization and then randomly divided into a normal group, blank control group, drug control group, ovarian premature aging model group, and melatonin intervention low, medium, and high dose group, with 20 mice in each group. We observed the status and body mass of the mice in each group; observed and monitored the estrous cycle by HE staining; measured the diameter and size of the ovaries and weighed the wet weight of the ovaries; observed the morphological changes of the ovaries by HE staining and counted the developing follicles at all levels; detected the levels of serum estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) by ELISA; measured the levels of serum MDA, SOD, and GSH-PX by antioxidant kit; detected the levels of protein immunoblotting by ELISA; protein immunoblotting (Western blot) to examine the expression of DNA damage-related proteins γH2AX, p53, and p21 in ovarian tissues. Results: Compared with the control group, mice in the premature ovarian failure model group showed reduced mobility, rough hair, decreased body weight, disorganized estrous cycle, decreased ovarian weight (P < 0.05), decreased number of follicles at all levels of development (P < 0.05), increased number of atretic follicles (P < 0.05), significantly elevated levels of serum FSH and LH, significantly decreased levels of E2 (P < 0.05), significantly increased levels of serum MDA, significantly lower SOD and GSH-PX levels (P < 0.05), and the expression of p53, p21, and γH2AX in ovarian tissues was increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group of premature ovarian failure, melatonin improved the changes of the above indexes induced by cyclophosphamide-induced premature ovarian failure in mice. Conclusion: Melatonin can improve the changes of motility cycle disorders, abnormal follicular development, and abnormal serum hormone levels induced by cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress in mice with premature ovarian failure. At the same time, melatonin can improve the oxidative stress induced by cyclophosphamide and alleviate the role of oxidative stress-induced DNA damage in mouse ovaries by exerting its antioxidant effect.

Analysis of the Clinical Effect of Pulmicort Respules Inhalation Combined with Cetirizine in the Treatment of Pediatric Asthma and its Influence on Inflammatory Factors in Children

Yong Peng — 2025-04-02

Objective: To analyze the clinical value of Pulmicort Respules inhalation combined with cetirizine in the treatment of pediatric asthma. Methods: From December 2023 to December 2024, 82 children with asthma admitted to our hospital were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, with 41 cases in each group. The clinical symptom relief time (shortness of breath, cough, dyspnea, lung wheezing), lung function indicators (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC), inflammatory indicators (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8), and clinical treatment effects were analyzed in the two groups. Results: The relief time for shortness of breath, cough, dyspnea, and lung wheezing in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, compared with the control group, the levels of FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, and treatment efficiency in the observation group were higher, while the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 were lower (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of Pulmicort Respules inhalation and cetirizine oral therapy for children with asthma can shorten the improvement time of clinical symptoms, inhibit inflammation, and improve lung function.

Epidemiological Analysis of 9,064 Cases of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Li Liu — 2025-04-02

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and treatment regimens of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in China through a retrospective analysis of 9,064 NHL cases. Methods: Clinical data of 9,064 patients were collected from 555 hospitals in 28 provinces of China. Results: Among 9,064 NHL patients, there were 5,241 males (57.8%) and 3,823 females (42.2%), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.37:1. Patients aged ≥ 45 years old accounted for 89.6%, with a mean age of 61.87 ± 13.30 years. The predominant NHL subtypes were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL, 45.2%), chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL, 19.8%), marginal zone lymphoma (MZL, 13.9%), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL, 9.7%), and central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL, 4.3%). Combination therapy served as the primary treatment modality across all NHL subtypes. Conclusions: NHL in China demonstrates male predominance and primarily affects middle-aged and elderly populations, with combination chemotherapy remaining the mainstay therapeutic approach.

The Spatial Location of Chromosomes in Dividing Cells and the Relative Stability of Chromosome Spatial Structure

Chunxiao Wu — 2025-04-02

The stability and evolution of human genetics depend on chromosomes and chromosome-chromosome interactions. We wish to understand the spatial location of chromosomes in dividing cells in order to understand the relationship between chromosome-chromosome interactions and to further investigate the role of chromosomes and their impact on cell biological behavior. In this study, we explored the relative spatial positional relationships of chromosomes [t(9;22) and t(15;17)] in B-ALL cells by using the three-dimensional DNA fluorescent in situ hybridization (3D-FISH) method. The results showed that chromosomes [t(9;22) and t(15;17)] showed relatively stable spatial relationships. The relative stability of the spatial location of chromosomes in dividing cells may be relevant to disease.