Proceedings of Anticancer Research

Research Progress on the Mechanism of Action of Huangqin (Scutellaria baicalensis) in the Treatment of Lung Cancer

Chaowang Zhou — 2025-08-06

This article summarizes recent domestic literature on the use of Huangqin (Scutellaria baicalensis) in the treatment of lung cancer. It reviews the mechanism of action of Huangqin in treating lung cancer from six aspects: inhibiting the growth of lung cancer cells, inducing apoptosis of lung cancer cells, inducing autophagy of lung cancer cells, inhibiting the migration of lung cancer cells, promoting the differentiation of lung cancer cells, and improving immune function. The aim is to provide a reference for the material basis and further research on the anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor efficacy of Huangqin.

Clinical Efficacy Analysis of Buyang Huanwu Tang in Preventing and Treating Postoperative Recurrence of Advanced Adenomatous Polyps in the Large Intestine

Lanlan Xun — 2025-08-07

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of Buyang Huanwu Decoction in preventing the recurrence of advanced colonic adenomatous polyps after surgery. Methods: A total of 160 patients who underwent endoscopic treatment for advanced adenomatous polyps of the large intestine at the First People’s Hospital of Jintan, Changzhou, between March 2022 and March 2024 were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group using a random number table. The control group received routine postoperative care, while the intervention group received Buyang Huanwu Decoction, starting one month after surgery. The decoction was administered warm, twice daily (200 ml per dose), one dose per day, for a total treatment duration of three months. Results: Before the intervention, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of TCM syndrome scores, and serum levels of G-17, IL-18, IL-6, COX2, and CRP (P > 0.05). After the intervention, both groups showed a decrease in TCM syndrome scores and serum levels of G-17, IL-18, IL-6, COX2, and CRP compared to pre-intervention values. The intervention group demonstrated a significantly greater reduction (P < 0.05). Three months after the intervention, there was no significant difference in polyp recurrence rates between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, six and twelve months after the intervention, the recurrence rates in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was compared between two groups of patients. The intervention group had an incidence of 12.5%, while the control group had an incidence of 6.25%, with no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Buyang Huanwu Decoction has significant efficacy in preventing the recurrence of advanced colonic adenomatous polyps after surgery. It improves TCM syndrome scores, reduces oncogenic and inflammatory factors, significantly lowers postoperative polyp recurrence rates, and demonstrates good safety. It is a promising treatment for clinical promotion and application.

Effects of Modified Shenqi Dihuang Decoction Combined with Calcium Dobesilate on TCM Syndrome Scores in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy

Jing Ding — 2025-08-07

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Shenqi Dihuang Decoction combined with calcium dobesilate on patients with diabetic nephropathy (DKD). Methods: 90 patients with DKD who visited the hospital from March 2024 to March 2025 were selected as samples and randomly divided into two groups. Group A was treated with Shenqi Dihuang Decoction combined with calcium dobesilate, while Group B was treated with calcium dobesilate alone. The efficacy, syndrome scores, blood glucose levels, and renal function indicators were compared between the two groups. Results: The efficacy of DKD treatment in Group A was higher than that in Group B (P < 0.05). The syndrome scores in Group A were lower than those in Group B (P < 0.05). The 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (PBG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in Group A were lower than those in Group B (P < 0.05). The serum creatinine (SCr), urinary microalbumin, urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER), and β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) levels in Group A were also lower than those in Group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The treatment of DKD with Shenqi Dihuang Decoction combined with calcium dobesilate can stabilize blood glucose levels, improve renal function, and reduce syndrome scores, which is highly effective and feasible.

Sleeve Lobectomy Versus Pneumonectomy for Non- Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Xuewei Chen — 2025-08-07

Background: Sleeve lobectomy (SL) presents an attractive option compared to pneumonectomy (PN) for patients with central or locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to assess the advantages of SL over PN for NSCLC via a meta-analysis. Methods: We performed a systematic review and cumulative analysis of comparative studies that reported both postoperative and survival outcomes for SL and PN. This was accomplished through a thorough search of electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library, from inception to April 2023. Results: A total of 5727 patients (SL: 1945; PN: 3782) from thirty-one studies were analyzed. The meta-analysis focused on perioperative mortality, local recurrence, and overall survival. The SL group exhibited a significantly lower rate of perioperative mortality (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.32–0.60, P < 0.0001). However, no significant difference was observed in local recurrence rates between SL and PN (OR = 1.25; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.69; P = 0.16). Additionally, the survival rates at 1 year and 5 years in the SL cohort (1-year: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.17, p < 0.0001; 5-year: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.77 to 2.61, p < 0.0001) along with the survival in patients with pN0 or pN1 at 5 years (OR = 0.13, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.22; P = 0.006) were notably superior compared to those undergoing PN. Conclusions: Sleeve lobectomy should be regarded as a viable alternative to pneumonectomy for treating NSCLC.

Impact of Pharmaceutical Care Model on Rational Use of Antibiotics in Ophthalmology Perioperative Period

Rongrong Tang — 2025-08-05

Objective: To analyze the positive impact of pharmaceutical care in the ophthalmology perioperative period on the rational use of antibiotics. Methods: A total of 115 patients who underwent ophthalmological surgery between March and June 2023 were selected as the control group, receiving routine medication management. Another 115 patients who underwent ophthalmological surgery between July and October 2023 were selected as the observation group, receiving pharmaceutical care. The rationality of medication use, mastery of medication knowledge, medication compliance, and adverse reaction rates were compared between the two groups. Results: The observation group had higher rationality of medication use, higher scores for mastery of medication knowledge, higher medication compliance, and a lower adverse reaction rate compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of antibiotic therapy and pharmaceutical care in the ophthalmology perioperative period can improve the rationality of medication use, enhance patients’ mastery of medication knowledge, increase their medication compliance, and prevent adverse reactions to antibiotics.

Imaging Manifestations and Pathological Basis of One Case of Alveolar Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Gluteus Maximus Muscle

Boyu Wang — 2025-08-07

Alveolar soft tissue sarcoma is a rare malignant tumor of soft tissue, more common in young women, with deep soft tissues in the limbs and buttocks being the most prevalent sites. There are few reported cases in clinical practice. The clinical manifestations lack specificity and the imaging signs are diverse. This case presents ultrasound, MRI and PET/CT images of alveolar soft tissue sarcoma of the gluteus maximus muscle to enhance readers’ understanding and awareness of the imaging signs of this rare disease in order to raise awareness of its diagnosis. The characteristics of this case are summarized and reported in combination with domestic literature.

Research Progress in Emergency Treatment for Patients with Cerebral Hemorrhage

Cong Zhang — 2025-08-07

As a severe neurological disease, cerebral hemorrhage is dangerous and progresses rapidly, with high disability and fatality rates. Its occurrence seriously harms patients’ lives and health, and also causes a heavy social burden. Timely diagnosis and treatment of cerebral hemorrhage are essential for improving patients’ prognosis. This article reviews the research progress in emergency treatment for patients with cerebral hemorrhage, providing a basis for diagnosis and treatment.

Study on the Preparation of Doxorubicin Hydrochloride Liposomes and Their Therapeutic Effect on Liver Cancer

Danna Ni — 2025-08-07

Objective: This study aimed to prepare doxorubicin hydrochloride liposomes and explore their application value in patients with liver cancer. Methods: Doxorubicin hydrochloride liposomes were prepared using the ammonium sulfate gradient method. Doxorubicin, as a broad-spectrum antitumor drug, has significant toxic and side effects after toxicological investigation. After preparing DOX-Lip, single-factor analysis was used to analyze the effects of solution pH, number of ultrafiltration, oil-water ratio, incubation temperature, and time on the encapsulation efficiency of doxorubicin hydrochloride liposomes. The process was optimized through orthogonal experiments and then applied clinically. 110 patients with liver cancer were selected as the research subjects to verify the drug’s effectiveness. Results: The results of this study showed that under optimal process conditions, the prepared doxorubicin hydrochloride liposomes were evenly distributed, similar to spherical shapes, with an average particle size of 85–87 mm and a Zeta potential of 15–16 mV, indicating good encapsulation efficiency. The application of these liposomes to clinical treatment of liver cancer demonstrated good therapeutic effects and could effectively promote favorable patient prognosis. Conclusion: The doxorubicin hydrochloride liposomes prepared through process optimization exhibit strong stability and pronounced sustained-release characteristics, providing a solid foundation for the treatment of liver cancer.

Neoadjuvant Therapy with Alectinib for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Pleural Metastasis: A Case Report

Xuewei Chen — 2025-08-05

Background: The prognosis of stage IV non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) with pleural metastasis is poor, with a 5-year survival rate of only 2% to 4% for patients, with the median survival was 9.5-11.5 months. According to the “NCCN Lung Cancer Guidelines,” stage IV NSCLC lung cancer is a contraindication for surgery. It is recommended to adopt a standard treatment plan mainly based on chemotherapy or targeted therapy with EGFR-TKIs. However, Neoadjuvant therapy with alectinib for non-small cell lung cancer with pleural metastasis is rarely reported. Case presentation: A 41-year-old Asian male patient presented with a persistent cough for one month. A chest computed tomography (CT) scan conducted two years prior revealed that a nodular radiative anomalous concentrated shadow was observed in the inferior tongue segment of the upper lobe of the left lung, approximately 2.2 × 1.6 × 1.2 cm in size, with a SUVmax of about 5.5. Two small nodular shadows were seen beside the disease in the inferior lingual segment of the upper lobe of the left lung, with the larger one having a diameter of approximately 0.6 cm. Multiple lymph node metastases in the left hilum and mediastinum; Multiple metastases of the left pleura and a small amount of pleural effusion on the left side. The patient began to receive 2 courses of chemotherapy and targeted therapy (pemetrexed+ carboplatin+crizotinib) and 1 course of chemotherapy and other targeted therapy (pemetrexed+ carboplatin+ alectinib). The result of re-examination of CT demonstrated that peripheral lung cancer in the lower lingual segment of the left upper lung is approximately 0.8 × 0.9 cm in size, slightly smaller than before. A thoracoscopic lobectomy was performed, and the pulmonary bulla was removed concurrently. Pathological examination confirmed non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) in the mass. Patient discharged on the 7th day after the operation and received 2 courses of chemotherapy (pemetrexed + carboplatin) and had been receiving alectinib targeted drug treatment all along for over 5 years. However, the patient stopped taking the medicine on his own for half a year. Though in the recent CT examination, the result demonstrated no recurrence and metastasis and the patient has been clinically cured. Unfortunately, the results of brain magnetic resonance imaging suggested that multiple brain metastases of lung cancer occurred, and the patient began taking the third-generation ALK-targeted drug lorlatinib. Conclusions: The patient with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presenting with pleural metastasis received neoadjuvant alectinib therapy and underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy, which resulted in significant therapeutic effects and fulfilled the criteria for clinical cure. This case highlights the potential for improved preventative strategies and treatment approaches in similar patients.

Research Progress on Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Nursing Techniques in the Perioperative Period of Thyroid Cancer

Rongna Ma — 2025-08-05

Nursing care during the perioperative period of thyroid cancer plays a crucial role in the recovery of patients. With the development of medical technology, Western medicine nursing techniques have matured in the perioperative period, including preoperative risk assessment and airway management, intraoperative neuromonitoring nursing coordination, postoperative drainage, and incision management. However, single Western medicine nursing often cannot fully meet the multifaceted needs of patients, especially in emotional nursing and the management of postoperative adverse reactions. The involvement of traditional Chinese medicine nursing techniques provides an effective complement to nursing work. Through integrated Chinese and Western medicine nursing, it is possible not only to improve patients’ preoperative anxiety and postoperative nausea and vomiting but also to effectively manage postoperative pain, enhancing the overall comfort and recovery speed of patients.

Early Curative Effect Observation of Shenqi Hexue Decoction in the Treatment of Qi Blood Deficiency Syndrome after PKP for Thoracolumbar Metastases with Pathological Vertebral Fractures

Xihua Zhang — 2025-08-08

Objective: After percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP), patients with pathological vertebral fractures of thoracolumbar metastases often have Qi and blood deficiency syndrome and hidden blood loss, resulting in postoperative debilitation syndrome. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and mechanism of Shenqi Hexue Decoction on early postoperative recovery of such patients. Methods: 36 Patients were randomly divided into an experimental group (Shenqi Hexue Decoction + conventional treatment) and a control group (conventional treatment). The changes of hemoglobin (HB), Karnofsky functional status (KPS) score, and TCM syndrome score on the 1st, 4th, and 7th day after operation were observed. Results: The HB value of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group on the 4th and 7th days after operation (p<0.01), and the maximum decline value of HB decreased by 42.1% (p < 0.001); The improvement rate of KPS score in the experimental group was 94.4% on the 7th day after operation, which was significantly better than 66.7% in the control group (p < 0.05). The total effective rate of TCM syndrome efficacy was 94.4% in the experimental group and 72.2% in the control group (p < 0.05); No drug-related serious adverse reactions were found. Conclusion: Shenqi Hexue decoction can effectively improve the anemia state and activity ability of patients with Qi blood deficiency syndrome in the early stage after PKP, and its possible mechanism involves multi-target regulation such as hematopoietic regulation, microcirculation improvement and inflammation inhibition, with good safety.

Advances in Diagnosis and Clinical Management Strategies for Liver Trauma

Yungui Gao — 2025-08-05

Liver trauma, a common and severe surgical emergency, refers to injuries caused by various external forces acting on the liver. The causes of liver trauma are diverse, with direct external impacts such as traffic accidents, falls from heights, and violent collisions being frequent contributors. Additionally, iatrogenic procedures like improper liver biopsy techniques may also lead to liver trauma. Clinically, symptoms vary depending on the severity and extent of injury. Mild cases might present with localized symptoms like right upper abdominal pain and tenderness, while severe cases could result in massive intra-abdominal bleeding accompanied by shock symptoms, including pallor, rapid heart rate, and hypotension, along with gastrointestinal manifestations such as nausea and vomiting. Treatment approaches differ significantly: For minor injuries, conservative management typically involves bed rest, close monitoring of vital signs, hemostasis, and anti-infection measures. In critical scenarios involving liver rupture or massive hemorrhage, immediate surgical intervention is required to repair liver damage and control bleeding.

Clinical Efficacy and Adverse Reactions of VMAT Radiotherapy Combined with Raltitrexed Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Elderly Patients with Esophageal Cancer

Yujuan Gao — 2025-08-07

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and adverse reactions of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) radiotherapy combined with raltitrexed chemotherapy in the treatment of elderly patients with esophageal cancer. Methods: A total of 86 elderly patients with esophageal cancer admitted to our hospital between February 2024 and February 2025 were enrolled in this study and equally divided into two groups: a control group receiving VMAT radiotherapy alone and a study group receiving VMAT radiotherapy combined with raltitrexed chemotherapy, with 43 patients in each group, to compare the therapeutic outcomes between the two treatment approaches. Results: The study group demonstrated significantly higher objective remission and disease control rates than the control group (P < 0.05). Post-treatment levels of HSP90α, Cyfra21-1, and CEA were markedly reduced in the study group relative to the control group (P < 0.05). Adverse reaction incidence showed no notable difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Quality of life (QOL) scores were significantly elevated in the study group compared to the control group at both 3- and 6-month follow-ups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: VMAT radiotherapy combined with raltitrexed chemotherapy can improve the short-term efficacy, reduce tumor marker levels, and improve the quality of life of elderly patients with esophageal cancer. The treatment has fewer adverse reactions and better patient tolerance.

The Therapeutic Effects and Safety of Dioscorea Decoction Combined with Coix Seed in Treating Cancer Cachexia (Spleen-kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome) in Malignant Tumor Patients

Weiwei Lyu — 2025-08-07

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effects and safety of Dioscorea Decoction combined with Coix Seed in treating cancer cachexia (spleen-kidney Yang deficiency syndrome) in malignant tumor patients. Methods: A total of 90 patients with cancer cachexia admitted between June 2024 and June 2025 were randomly divided into a control group and a study group (45 cases each) using a random number generator. Both groups received antitumor therapy, oral megestrol acetate capsules, and conventional nutritional intervention. The study group additionally received oral Dioscorea Decoction combined with Coix Seed. Differences in TCM syndrome scores, nutritional indicators (serum albumin, hemoglobin), and adverse reactions were compared before and after treatment. Results: Baseline TCM syndrome scores and nutritional indicators were comparable between the two groups before treatment. After treatment, both groups showed significant reductions in TCM syndrome scores and increases in serum albumin and hemoglobin levels. The study group exhibited lower TCM syndrome scores and higher serum albumin and hemoglobin levels than the control group, with statistically significant differences. No significant difference in adverse reaction rates was observed between the two groups. Conclusion: Dioscorea Decoction combined with Coix Seed can further improve nutritional status, alleviate clinical symptoms, and demonstrate good safety in treating cancer cachexia patients.

Research Progress of HER-2 in Colorectal Cancer

Dongmei Xie — 2025-08-07

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase that is overexpressed in various solid tumors and is closely related to tumor invasion, metastasis, and poor prognosis. In recent years, the expression of HER-2 in colorectal cancer and its clinical significance have gradually attracted attention. This article reviews the expression of HER-2 in colorectal cancer, the clinicopathological characteristics of HER-2 positive colorectal cancer, the detection methods of HER-2, and the drug treatment targeting HER-2, to provide references for clinical diagnosis and treatment and research.

Case Study and Literature Review on Diagnosis and Treatment of Advanced Metastasis of Tumor with Unknown Primary Origin

Leting Dong — 2025-08-06

Primary of Unknown Origin Cancer (CUP) is a metastatic tumor whose origin remains undetermined. The reason for this ambiguity in identifying the primary site remains unclear, possibly due to the tumor being too small or growing too slowly, or because the immune system has destroyed the tiny primary lesion. Most CUP patients receive only localized treatment or empirical systemic chemotherapy, leading to poor prognosis and shorter average overall survival. There is currently insufficient evidence-based medical support for the diagnosis and treatment of CUP. This study retrospectively analyzed clinical characteristics, diagnostic methods, treatment approaches, and prognostic outcomes of newly diagnosed CUP patients treated in our department. The findings aim to provide clinical guidance for diagnosis and treatment of CUP, with the goal of reducing diagnostic delays and improving patient outcomes.