Proceedings of Anticancer Research

Application Value of Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Diagnostic Systems in CT Diagnosis of Pulmonary Nodules

2025-01-16T15:13:35+08:00

Objective: To explore the application value of artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic systems in the computed tomography (CT) diagnosis of pulmonary nodules. Methods: A total of 80 patients with pulmonary nodules, treated from June 2023 to May 2024, were included. All patients underwent pathological examination and CT scans, with pathological results serving as the gold standard. The diagnostic performance of CT alone and CT combined with the artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic system was analyzed, and differences in CT imaging features and evaluation results of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules were compared. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CT combined with the artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic system were significantly higher than those of CT alone (P < 0.05). Moreover, the false-positive and false-negative rates were significantly lower for the combined approach compared to CT alone (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic system effectively identifies malignant features in pulmonary nodules, providing valuable clinical reference data and enhancing diagnostic accuracy and efficiency.

Advantages and Application Prospects of Traditional Chinese Medicine Granules

2025-02-13T09:26:42+08:00

With the advancement of the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), TCM granules have emerged and garnered widespread attention. This study provides a comprehensive review of the development of TCM granules, analyzing their characteristics in terms of ease of use, quality stability, and pharmacodynamic advantages. It also explores their broad application prospects in clinical TCM treatment and preventive healthcare. Through an integrative analysis of relevant research literature, the study highlights the significant value and vast development potential of TCM granules in modern medicine. The article aims to offer valuable references for the modernization and internationalization of TCM while promoting the continuous development and innovative application of TCM granules in the field of traditional Chinese medicine.

Effectiveness of High-Frequency Electrosurgical Knife Surgery Under Painless Digestive Endoscopy in Elderly Patients with Gastrointestinal Polyps

2025-02-13T16:05:18+08:00

Objective: To analyze the therapeutic effect of high-frequency electrosurgical knife surgery guided by painless digestive endoscopy (PDE) in elderly patients with gastrointestinal polyps (GP). Methods: A total of 100 elderly GP patients admitted between June 2021 and December 2022 were selected. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: the painless group (50 cases) underwent high-frequency electrosurgical knife surgery guided by PDE, while the conventional group (50 cases) underwent the same surgery guided by traditional digestive endoscopy (DE). The total treatment efficacy, perioperative indicators, gastrointestinal hormone levels, oxidative stress (OS) markers, and complication rates were compared between the two groups. Results: The total treatment efficacy in the painless group was higher than that in the conventional group, and perioperative indicators were superior in the painless group (P < 0.05). One week after treatment, the gastrointestinal hormone levels and OS-related markers in the painless group were better than those in the conventional group (P < 0.05). The complication rate in the painless group was lower than in the conventional group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: High-frequency electrosurgical knife surgery guided by PDE improves the effectiveness of polyp removal in elderly GP patients and accelerates postoperative recovery. It also protects gastrointestinal function, reduces postoperative OS, and ensures higher surgical safety.

Effectiveness of Multi-Modal Teaching Based on Online Case Libraries in the Education of Gene Methylation Combined with Spiral CT Screening for Pulmonary Ground-Glass Opacity Nodules

2025-02-13T16:05:21+08:00

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of multi-modal teaching based on an online case library in the education of gene methylation combined with spiral computed tomography (CT) screening for pulmonary ground-glass opacity (GGO) nodules. Methods: From October 2023 to April 2024, 66 medical imaging students were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, each with 33 students. The control group received traditional lecture-based teaching, while the observation group was taught using a multi-modal teaching approach based on an online case library. Performance on assessments and teaching quality were analyzed between the two groups. Results: The observation group achieved higher scores in theoretical and practical knowledge compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the teaching quality scores were significantly higher in the observation group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Implementing multi-modal teaching based on an online case library for pulmonary GGO nodule screening with gene methylation combined with spiral CT can enhance students’ knowledge acquisition, improve teaching quality, and have significant clinical application value.

Infrared Thermography-Based Predictive Model for Syndrome Differentiation of Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiang Decoction

2025-02-14T10:56:44+08:00

Objective: To evaluate the use of infrared thermography technology for objective and quantitative syndrome differentiation and treatment in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), specifically in patients with Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiang Decoction syndrome. Methods: Data were collected from over 100 patients diagnosed with Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiang Decoction syndrome at Professor Li Leyu’s endocrinology clinic, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province, between April 2021 and April 2022. Body surface temperature data were obtained using the MTI-EXPRO-2013-B infrared thermography system. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to differentiate temperature distribution characteristics between genders, and a neural network prediction model was constructed for syndrome diagnosis. Results: Infrared thermography effectively captured surface temperature characteristics of patients with Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiang Decoction syndrome. PCA identified one principal component with a variance explanation rate of 73.953% for females and two principal components with a cumulative variance explanation rate of 77.627% for males. The neural network model demonstrated high predictive performance, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.9743 for the training set and 0.9889 for the validation set. Sensitivity was 1, specificity 0.8636, precision 0.8846, accuracy 0.9333, and the F1 score 0.9388. Conclusion: Infrared thermography provides an innovative, objective, and quantitative method for syndrome differentiation and treatment in TCM. It represents a significant advancement in transitioning from traditional empirical approaches to modern, visualized, and precise diagnosis and treatment. This study underscores the potential of integrating advanced technologies in TCM for enhanced clinical application and modernization.

Advances in Artificial Intelligence for Predicting Breast Cancer Using Chest CT Scans

2025-02-13T11:04:59+08:00

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women worldwide, with its incidence and mortality ranking first among all cancers. Early diagnosis and treatment significantly improve prognosis and reduce disease-related mortality. Chest computed tomography (CT), a routine examination for physical assessments and hospitalized patients, can screen for the presence of breast nodules and provide an initial assessment of malignancy risk. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has advanced rapidly in the medical field. Studies have demonstrated that the sensitivity and accuracy of chest CT in diagnosing breast cancer are enhanced through the application of AI methods. This article explores the research progress in breast cancer diagnosis utilizing artificial intelligence based on chest CT examinations.

Advances in Radiomics for Individualized and Precision-Based Diagnosis and Treatment of Lung Cancer

2025-02-13T09:26:39+08:00

Lung cancer is among the most prevalent cancers and has the highest mortality rate globally. The diagnosis, pathohistological classification, and molecular testing of lung cancer primarily rely on tissue biopsy or surgical resection. These methods are invasive and associated with limitations, including sample quantity and quality, as well as patient tolerance. Radiomics, an emerging technology, enables the extraction of high-throughput quantitative information from medical images, providing radiomic features applicable to clinical diagnosis and treatment. Significant advancements have been made in the application of radiomics to the diagnosis, molecular detection, efficacy prediction, and prognosis of lung cancer. This review examines the progress in radiomics for individualized and precise diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer in recent years.

The High Expression of EXOSC3 in OSCC is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Immune Infiltration

2025-02-13T11:07:49+08:00

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor in the oral and maxillofacial region, primarily affecting the tongue, gingiva, oral cavity, buccal mucosa, and floor of the mouth. It exhibits high rates of recurrence and metastasis, contributing to a poor prognosis for patients. Identifying molecular markers associated with OSCC holds significant value for advancing its diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Exosome Component 3 (EXOSC3) is a protein-coding gene involved in the auto-degradation of E3 ubiquitin ligase COP 1 and rRNA processing in the nucleus and cytoplasmic sol. This gene plays a crucial role in diseases such as colon cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that EXOSC3 expression is significantly elevated in OSCC and is associated with poor patient prognosis. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses indicate that EXOSC3 is strongly linked to the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Moreover, immune infiltration analysis demonstrated a significant association between EXOSC3 expression and immune cell subset infiltration, as well as immune checkpoint expression, underscoring its importance in OSCC. However, further research is required to elucidate the specific role of EXOSC3 in OSCC diagnosis and treatment. A comprehensive investigation into the mechanisms of EXOSC3 in OSCC may reveal new potential targets for improving the diagnosis and treatment of this malignancy.

Comparative Effectiveness of Medical Radiation Protection Spray and Triethanolamine Cream in Preventing and Treating Radiodermatitis in Breast Cancer Patients

2025-02-13T11:04:55+08:00

Objective: This study investigates the preventive and therapeutic effects of medical radiation protection spray (Bergmann) compared to triethanolamine cream in patients undergoing radiotherapy following breast cancer surgery. Methods: Ninety patients with breast cancer who received postoperative radiotherapy between July 2018 and July 2021 were randomly divided into the Bergmann treatment (experimental) group and the triethanolamine cream treatment (control) group, with 45 patients in each group. Radiodermatitis severity was assessed using the RTOG radiodermatitis grading standards. Results: The radiation dose required to develop grade I radiodermatitis was significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group, at (36.13 ± 1.17 Gy) and (25.38 ± 0.63 Gy), respectively. At a radiation dose of 30 Gy, the proportion of grade I radiodermatitis cases in the experimental group was significantly lower than in the control group (P = 0.002). At radiation doses of 40 Gy and 50 Gy, the proportion of grade II radiodermatitis cases in the experimental group was also significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.001). No cases of grade III or higher radiodermatitis were observed in the experimental group, while three cases of grade III radiodermatitis occurred in the control group, although the difference was not statistically significant. No patients in the experimental group discontinued treatment due to radiodermatitis or mucosal reactions, whereas two patients in the control group interrupted treatment due to these reactions but eventually completed therapy. Conclusion: Bergmann spray effectively prevents radiodermatitis in patients undergoing radiotherapy after breast cancer surgery and is more effective than triethanolamine cream in treating skin lesions. Its ease of use improves the quality of life for patients undergoing radiotherapy and ensures successful treatment completion. Bergmann is suitable for clinical promotion and application.

Research Progress on the Mechanism of Action of Traditional Chinese Medicine Extracts in the Prevention and Treatment of Periodontitis

2025-02-13T11:08:49+08:00

Periodontitis is an inflammatory infectious disease affecting the periodontal supporting tissues and is the primary cause of tooth loosening and tooth loss in adults. Clinically, supragingival scaling, subgingival scaling, root planing, and other basic periodontal treatments, often combined with antibiotic therapy, are commonly employed with moderate efficacy. However, the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance and associated adverse reactions has become a growing concern. Recent studies have demonstrated the significant impact of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) extracts in both the prevention and treatment of periodontitis, exhibiting remarkable effectiveness. This review explores the role and mechanisms of TCM extracts in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis, providing a reference for further elucidation of their mechanisms and a theoretical basis for the development of Chinese herbal medicine-based care products.

Symptom Experiences and Coping Patterns in Pancreatic Cancer Patients During Chemotherapy: A Qualitative Study

2025-02-20T09:01:12+08:00

Objective: To explore symptom experiences and self-coping patterns during the early and late stages of chemotherapy in these patients to provide a basis for developing targeted symptom management strategies. Methods: A total of 27 patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing chemotherapy at two medical institutions were recruited between November 2023 and August 2024. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in person or over the phone. Data were analyzed using traditional content and thematic analyses. Results: Three themes were identified: symptom experience, self-coping patterns, and existing obstacles. During the early stages of chemotherapy, patients reported a higher frequency of unpleasant symptoms and recognized these symptoms earlier in the treatment course. Patients in the early stages primarily relied on external support to cope with symptoms, while those in the later stages adopted self-care strategies. Several challenges related to unpleasant symptoms were observed, which appeared to correlate with the self-coping patterns employed. Conclusion: Patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing chemotherapy experience a complex and diverse range of symptoms, with varying coping patterns at different stages of treatment. Symptom management during chemotherapy presents significant challenges. Healthcare providers should improve the ongoing monitoring of symptoms post-chemotherapy. By linking patients’ symptom experiences and self-coping patterns at different stages of chemotherapy to their specific challenges, personalized symptom management strategies can be developed to enhance care quality.

The Predictive Value of SPP1 Gene Expression for the Survival of Advanced Liver Cancer Treated with Transarterial Chemoembolization

2025-02-13T11:05:03+08:00

Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) gene expression for postoperative survival in patients with advanced liver cancer undergoing hepatic artery interventional chemoembolization treatment. Method: Bioinformatics methods, including gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, were used to identify genes related to survival prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. A retrospective analysis of 115 advanced liver cancer patients treated between January 2016 and October 2017 was conducted. Patients were categorized into SPP1 high-expression (n = 89) and low-expression groups (n = 26). Additionally, 115 healthy individuals served as the control group. The relationship between SPP1 expression and clinical pathological features was analyzed. A 60-month follow-up and logistic regression analysis identified risk factors affecting survival. Results: SPP1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in liver cancer patients compared to healthy controls (P < 0.05). SPP1 expression levels were significantly associated with tumor size, Child-Pugh grading, lymph node metastasis, and BCLC staging (P < 0.05). High SPP1 expression, along with tumor size, Child-Pugh grading, lymph node metastasis, and BCLC staging, were independent risk factors for survival (P < 0.05). The 60-month survival rate was 17.39%, with a median survival of 40 months in the low-expression group versus 18 months in the high-expression group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: SPP1 expression is significantly upregulated in advanced liver cancer patients and has predictive value for postoperative survival following hepatic artery chemoembolization treatment. SPP1, combined with clinical indicators such as tumor size, Child-Pugh grading, lymph node metastasis, and BCLC staging, may serve as a prognostic biomarker for interventional treatment outcomes.

Clinical Efficacy and Safety Analysis of Toripalimab Combined with GC Chemotherapy for Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma

2025-02-13T11:04:47+08:00

Objective: To analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of toripalimab combined with the GC chemotherapy regimen in the treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 102 patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma treated at our hospital between March 2021 and August 2024. Based on treatment regimens, patients were divided into a chemotherapy group (n = 52) and a combination group (n = 50). The chemotherapy group received the GC chemotherapy regimen, while the combination group received GC chemotherapy combined with toripalimab. Both groups underwent 4–6 cycles of treatment based on patient tolerance. Clinical efficacy, immune-related factor levels, survival outcomes, and safety were observed and compared. Results: The disease control rate (DCR) and overall response rate (ORR) in the combination group were slightly higher than those in the chemotherapy group, but the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). After treatment, levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 increased significantly, while VEGF levels decreased significantly in both groups (P < 0.05), with superior outcomes observed in the combination group (P < 0.05). Follow-up analysis showed progression-free survival (PFS) and median overall survival (OS) in the chemotherapy group were 5.19 and 10.15 months, respectively, compared to 8.24 and 18.23 months in the combination group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). During treatment, the incidence of adverse reactions such as rash, immune-related pneumonia, and immune-related diarrhea was higher in the combination group than in the chemotherapy group (P < 0.05). However, the incidence of gastrointestinal reactions, fever, and leukopenia did not differ significantly between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The use of toripalimab combined with the GC chemotherapy regimen for advanced urothelial carcinoma can effectively improve clinical outcomes and extend patient survival, with good overall safety. However, attention should be given to preventing adverse reactions such as rash and pneumonia during treatment.

Application of Artificial Neural Networks in Predicting Malignant Lung Nodules on Chest CT Scans

2025-02-13T16:05:25+08:00

Objective: To explore a simple method for improving the diagnostic accuracy of malignant lung nodules based on imaging features of lung nodules. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the imaging data of 114 patients who underwent lung nodule surgery in the Thoracic Surgery Department of the First People’s Hospital of Huzhou from June to September 2024. Imaging features of lung nodules were summarized and trained using a BP neural network. Results: Training with the BP neural network increased the diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing between benign and malignant lung nodules based on imaging features from 84.2% (manual assessment) to 94.1%. Conclusion: Training with the BP neural network significantly improves the diagnostic accuracy of lung nodule malignancy based solely on imaging features.

Study on the Clinical Efficacy of Levofloxacin Combined with Ambroxol in the Treatment of Elderly Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Pulmonary Infection

2025-02-14T10:56:41+08:00

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of levofloxacin combined with ambroxol in the treatment of elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary infection. Methods: A total of 80 elderly COPD patients with pulmonary infection, treated between December 2022 and November 2023, were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, with 40 cases in each group. The control group was treated with levofloxacin hydrochloride, while the observation group received ambroxol hydrochloride injection in addition to the treatment in the control group. Laboratory indices (white blood cell count, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, and apolipoprotein E levels), imaging-based pulmonary lesion absorption time, hospital stay, and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results: After treatment, the biochemical indices of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group, with highly significant differences (P < 0.001). Compared to the control group, the imaging-based pulmonary lesion absorption time and hospital stay of the observation group were significantly shorter (P < 0.001). Additionally, the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Levofloxacin combined with ambroxol demonstrates advantages in improving biochemical indices, shortening imaging-based pulmonary lesion absorption time and hospital stay, and reducing adverse reaction rates in elderly COPD patients with pulmonary infection. It holds significant clinical application value.

Plasma Technology: Unlocking a New Path for Precise Elimination of Cancer Cells

2025-02-13T09:26:31+08:00

This paper systematically elucidates the application of plasma technology in cancer treatment, including its principles, case studies, comparative advantages over traditional methods, challenges, and countermeasures. Plasma technology targets and eliminates cancer cells with precision through physical, chemical, and immune-regulatory mechanisms, offering high accuracy and low side effects. International applications include plasma scalpels in the United States, combined chemotherapy and low-temperature plasma therapy in Russia, and plasma-targeted capture technology in China. However, plasma technology faces technical hurdles and clinical application barriers, requiring interdisciplinary collaboration and industry-academia-research cooperation to advance its development.