Keywords
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Systematic review
Meta-analysis
Submitted : 2021-08-29
Accepted : 2021-09-13
Published : 2021-09-28
Abstract
Objective: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) in the treatment of COVID-19. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Ovid, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang, and VIP databases were searched to obtain the clinical studies of LPV/r in the treatment of COVID-19 from December 2019 to July 2020. The literatures were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Their qualities were evaluated according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. Results: A total of 688 patients were included in five studies, involving China and France. Compared with patients in the control group, who was only treated with routine treatment, there were no significant differences of the 7-day nucleic acid negative conversion rate and 14-day nucleic acid negative conversion rate in the treatment group. However, the use of LPV/r increased the incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment group compared to the control group. Conclusion: There is no available evidence to support the use of Lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of COVID-19.
References
Chan FW, Yao Y, Man-Lung Y, et al., 2015, Treatment with Lopinavir/Ritonavir or Interferon-?1b Improves Outcome of MERS-CoV Infection in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Common Marmoset. Journal of Infectious Diseases, : 1904.
Wells GSB, O'Connell D, 2020, New Castle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale - Cohort Studies. http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp (accessed on July 8, 2020).
Wen CY, Xie ZW, Li YP, et al., 2020, Real-World Efficacy and Safety of Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Arbidol in Treating with COVID-19: An Observational Cohort Study. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi, 59: E012.
Yu A, Fan X, Zhao Y, et al., 2020, Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Lopinavir/ritonavir Combined with Other Antiviral in the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Herald of Medicine, 39(5): 628-632.
Chen J, Ling Y, Xi X, et al., 2020, Efficacies of Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Abidol in the Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia. Chin J Infect Dis, 38: 86-89.
Wang Y, Suo T, Fan H, et al., 2021, Clinical Efficacy of Lopinavir-Ritonavir Combined with Interferon Alpha in COVID-19. Medical Journal of Wuhan University, 42(04): 594-598.
Hraiech S, Bourenne J, Kuteifan K, et al., 2020, Lack of Viral Clearance by the Combination of Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin or Lopinavir and Ritonavir in SARS-Cov-2-Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Annals of Intensive Care, 10: 63.
World Health Organization, WHO Discontinues Hydroxychloroquine and Lopinavir/Ritonavir Treatment Arms for COVID-19. https://www.who.int/zh/news-room/detail/04-07-2020-who-discontinues-hydroxychloroquine-and-lopinavir-ritonavir-treatment-arms-for-covid-19 (accessed on July 8, 2020).