Objective: To investigate the effect of fresh royal jelly on the proliferation of human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721. Methods: We found that the administration of fresh royal jelly could alleviate the condition of hepatocellular carcinoma patients in a certain extent. The human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721 was cultured in vitro. MTT colorimetric method was used to treat fresh cells and serum containing human serum. The effect of SMMC-7721 proliferation was observed. Results: The aqueous solution of fresh royal jelly had a certain effect on the proliferation of hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721 in a dose-dependent manner. The serum containing fresh royal jelly could inhibit the proliferation of human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721, and its inhibitory effect showed dose-dependent. Conclusion: The serum containing fresh royal jelly has a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721 and its anti-cancer effect may be derived from its metabolites or stimulating the formation of immune-reactive substances in the body, in which in the clinical treatment of liver cancer and research have a certain value.