Oncology Treatment Discovery

The Impact of Timing of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy after Percutaneous Transhepatic Gallbladder Drainage on the Final Therapeutic Effect in Patients with Acute Calculous Cholecystitis

Yunguang Nan — 2025-07-02

Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) after percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) in the treatment of acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC). Methods: A total of 50 ACC patients treated from January 2022 to January 2025 were selected as samples and randomly divided into two groups. Group A received LC after PTGBD, while Group B received LC only. Surgical indicators, inflammatory factors, liver function indicators, complications, and conversion to open surgery rates were compared between the two groups. Results: The operation time, postoperative abdominal drainage time, postoperative anal exhaust time, and hospital stay in Group A were shorter than those in Group B, and the intraoperative blood loss was lower than that in Group B (P < 0.05). The levels of procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in Group A were lower than those in Group B (P < 0.05). The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBiL), and amylase (AMY) in Group A were lower than those in Group B (P < 0.05). The complication rate and conversion to open surgery rate in Group A were lower than those in Group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion: LC after PTGBD for the treatment of ACC can accelerate postoperative recovery, inhibit inflammatory factors, improve liver function, and is safe and efficient.

Pharmacological Study of Azithromycin Combined with Cephalosporins in the Treatment of AECOPD

Wenfei Yu — 2025-07-02

Objective: To analyze the efficacy of azithromycin combined with cephalosporins in the treatment of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Methods: A total of 62 AECOPD patients who visited the hospital from January 2024 to December 2024 were selected as samples and randomly divided into two groups using the lottery method. Group A was treated with azithromycin and cephalosporins, while Group B was treated with cephalosporins only. The efficacy, lung function, inflammatory factors, and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results: The efficacy of AECOPD treatment in Group A was higher than that in Group B (P < 0.05). The forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) in Group A were all higher than those in Group B (P < 0.05). The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in Group A were all lower than those in Group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of azithromycin and cephalosporins in the treatment of AECOPD can inhibit inflammatory factors and improve lung function, with safety and high efficiency.

Pulmonary Myelolipoma in NSCLC with EML4- ALK Fusion: A Case Report and Literature Review

Zhan Ye — 2025-07-02

Pulmonary or bronchial myelolipomas are rare, and no cases of genetic testing have been clinically reported, which limits research on their pathogenesis and the scientific basis of diagnosis and treatment. A 52-year-old Asian male presented with a two-week history of paroxysmal cough and blood-streaked sputum. The patient reported no additional symptoms and had no history of smoking. A chest computed tomography (CT) scan conducted two years prior revealed a 10 mm × 18 mm nodule in the right lower lung, which had increased to 32 mm × 16 mm on the current scan. In addition, an enlarged lymph node measuring 18 mm × 10 mm was observed in the right lower pulmonary hilum, along with a pulmonary bulla. A whole-body 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) scan demonstrated increased metabolic activity in both the mass and the enlarged lymph node. A thoracoscopic right lower lobectomy was performed, and the pulmonary bulla was removed concurrently. Pathological examination confirmed non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) in the mass, while the tissue surrounding the pulmonary bulla revealed mixed components, including bone, adipose, and hematopoietic tissues. Postoperative tumor mutation testing identified an EML4-ALK fusion gene variant. The patient recovered well following surgery, and a follow-up chest X-ray showed a resolution of atelectasis in the right lower lung. Adjuvant therapy with alectinib is planned.

An Endoscopic Surgical Auxiliary Belt Value in Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection of Colorectal Lateral Developmental Tumors

Yan Chen — 2025-07-02

Objective: To explore the value of an auxiliary band for endoscopic surgery in endoscopic submucosal dissection of colorectal lateral developmental tumors, with a view to providing a new method for the early diagnosis and treatment of such tumors, and thus improving the prognosis of patients. Methods: The clinical data of 60 patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection of colorectal LST in the hospital between June 2022 and June 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were categorized into the auxiliary belt group (n = 30) and the control group (n = 30) according to whether or not the auxiliary belt for endoscopic surgery was used during the operation. The operation time, the number of intraoperative hemostasis, the number of titanium clips used, the success rate of ESD, the incidence of postoperative complications, the length of hospitalization and the hospitalization cost of the two groups were compared. Results: The operation time of the patients in the auxiliary belt group was slightly longer than that of the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05); the number of intraoperative hemostasis and the number of titanium clips used in the auxiliary belt group was less than that of the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05); the success rate of ESD in the auxiliary belt group was 93.33%, which was higher than that of the control group, which was 90.00%. The ESD success rate in the auxiliary belt group was 93.33%, which was higher than the ESD success rate of 90.00% in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05); the incidence of postoperative complications in the auxiliary belt group was lower than that in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05); the length of hospital stay in the auxiliary belt group was significantly shorter than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); and the hospitalization cost of patients in both groups was comparable, with no significant difference (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The auxiliary belt for endoscopic surgery has certain application value in endoscopic submucosal dissection of colorectal lateral developmental tumors, which can assist the surgical operation, may reduce intraoperative bleeding and the use of titanium clips, shorten the patient’s hospitalization time, and does not increase the hospitalization cost.

Healing Mechanism and Therapeutic Prospects of Immediate Implant Placement Combined with Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) Technique in Oral Cavity

Lianxi Lu — 2025-07-02

Objective: To explore the healing mechanism and effectiveness of immediate implant placement combined with Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) technique in the oral cavity. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 93 patients treated at Yongning Dental Clinic (Nanning Xinlantian Medical Investment Co., Ltd.) from September 2021 to September 2024. The patients, aged between 28 and 60, met the criteria for immediate implant placement combined with GBR treatment. The alveolar bone contour plumpness score, osseointegration status, implant stability score, postoperative aesthetic effect, and patient satisfaction score were compared at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Results: At 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively, the patients’ alveolar bone contour plumpness was higher than preoperative levels. Postoperatively, osseointegration and implant stability (ISQ value) were improved, and the aesthetic effect was superior to preoperative levels (P < 0.05). The patient satisfaction score was 92.34 ± 3.12, with 94.4% of patients willing to undergo similar treatment again and 97.8% willing to recommend it to others. Conclusion: Immediate implant placement combined with the GBR technique demonstrates significant advantages in promoting postoperative jaw morphology recovery, enhancing osseointegration and implant stability, improving the aesthetic effect of implant restoration, and boosting patient satisfaction. This approach provides a new therapeutic option in the field of oral implantology.

Research Progress on Malignant Peritoneal Effusion in Gastrointestinal Tumors

Hongli Cao — 2025-07-08

Malignant Peritoneal Effusion (MPE) in gastrointestinal tumors can affect the prognosis of patients with advanced cancer. It is associated with multiple factors such as abnormal angiogenesis, a damaged lymphatic system, and an inflammatory response. After the onset of the disease, tumor cells invade the peritoneum, and changes in the peritoneal microenvironment can increase vascular permeability. Additionally, factors such as the high number of neovascularizations in patients with malignant tumors, lymphatic circulation disorders, and intensified inflammatory responses in the body create a vicious cycle, leading to increased production of ascites. Clinically, imaging techniques, cytological techniques, and biomarker detection techniques are commonly used to diagnose MPE, and treatment options and prognostic factors are explored through clinical practice. This study analyzes the diagnosis and treatment methods of MPE from multiple perspectives, providing a basis for summarizing new diagnosis and treatment methods for MPE in the later stage.

Clinical Study on the Short-term Efficacy Evaluation of Proton Radiotherapy after Surgery for Medulloblastoma in Children

Zhongqiu Cao — 2025-07-08

Objective: To explore the short-term efficacy and safety of proton radiotherapy as an adjuvant treatment for medulloblastoma in children, focusing on evaluating its impact on local tumor control rate, neurocognitive function, and pituitary-thyroid axis. Methods: Thirty children with medulloblastoma who completed surgery between May 2023 and May 2024 were included in the study. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups: the experimental group received proton radiotherapy, while the control group underwent conventional photon radiotherapy. Both groups followed a standard dose regimen: 36Gy for the whole brain and spinal cord, and 54Gy for the tumor bed. Observation indicators included the local tumor control rate, acute radiotherapy-related toxicities, and changes in pituitary-thyroid function within 6 months. Results: The local tumor control rate was better in the proton radiotherapy group compared to the control group, with no significant increase in acute toxic side effects. In neurocognitive assessments, children in the experimental group showed more stable cognitive function maintenance. Endocrine monitoring revealed that the pituitary-thyroid axis function was relatively stable in the proton group, and the risk of impairment was significantly lower than that in the photon group. Conclusion: Proton radiotherapy has significant clinical advantages as an adjuvant treatment for medulloblastoma in children. Its precise dose delivery reduces exposure to normal brain tissue, significantly reducing the risk of neurocognitive and endocrine function impairment. This therapy not only improves local tumor control but also balances the quality of life for the children, providing a more ideal treatment option. Future studies need to expand the sample size and extend follow-up time to verify long-term safety and durability of efficacy. The results of this study provide a solid clinical basis for the promotion and application of proton radiotherapy in the treatment of pediatric brain tumors.