Oncology Treatment Discovery

Clinical Observation of Regorafenib Combined with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor for Advanced Colorectal Cancer of pMMR/MSS Type

Zhe Shi — 2024-07-01

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of regorafenib combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of patients with advanced colorectal cancer of pMMR/MSS type. Methods: 42 patients with advanced colorectal cancer of pMMR/MSS type admitted to the Department of Oncology of our hospital from January 2022 to September 2023 were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group, 21 cases each. The observation group was treated with the addition of regorafenib combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors, while the control group was given regorafenib monotherapy, and the efficacy, adverse effects, and survival of patients in the two groups were observed. Results: the total remission rate of the control group was 23.81%, and the total remission rate of the observation group was 57.14%, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05); there were 14 cases of adverse reactions in the two groups, with an incidence rate of 33.33% (14/42); and the overall survival rate of the observation and control groups was 71.43% and 47.62%, respectively. The survival rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Regorafenib combined with anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody can significantly improve the efficacy and prognosis of advanced colorectal cancer without increasing adverse effects.

Inflammation-Driven Carcinogenesis: Mechanisms, Preventive Approaches, and Therapeutic Innovations

Alishba Hadi — 2024-07-01

Chronic inflammatory diseases as a cause of global cancer trend? Chronic inflammation is a condition where inflammation has persisted for a long time and is not relieved on its own as it promotes tumor growth. This paper aims to outline some of the vital biological processes and signaling pathways involved in the association of cancer with chronic inflammation. One of the functions of this relationship is to create reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxides (NOs) involved in mediating signal pathways that activate inflammation, the migration of immune cells, and cytokines. Recent studies imply that chronic inflammation may be involved in the pathogenesis of cancer conditions like hepatitis-B virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma and colon carcinoma arising in the context of inflammatory bowel disease. These processes are necessary for creating therapies for both prevention and diseases. Consequently, the discovery and production of new drugs that can prevent cancer prevalence and increase survival rate within a population depends on correctly identifying the molecular mechanisms that connect disease to inflammation. The study collects the current research and lays out the foundation for future research that may use these conclusions to improve further the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and cancer prevention strategies.

An Overview of Systems Biology & Metabolomics

Kirubanandan Shanmugam — 2024-07-01

Systems biology is an interdisciplinary strategy that seeks to comprehend intricate biological systems by amalgamating diverse forms of data, such as genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. Metabolomics, which investigates small molecules generated during cellular processes, offers insights into the biochemical activities taking place within an organism. Through the examination of the metabolome, researchers can acquire knowledge about the biochemical processes happening within an organism. Metabolomics proves to be particularly advantageous in systems biology as it furnishes a momentary view of the metabolic condition of a biological system at a specific point in time. By merging metabolomics data with other omics data, researchers can construct comprehensive models to enhance their understanding of how biological systems operate as a unified entity. This comprehensive methodology facilitates a more thorough comprehension of intricate biological systems and can lead to the discovery of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Systems biology and metabolomics are closely linked disciplines within the broader realm of biology, each offering distinct viewpoints and methodologies for interpreting biological systems at varying levels of complexity. Through the integration of these methodologies, researchers can acquire a more holistic understanding of biological processes, pathways, and networks at a functional level. This integration enables the identification of crucial metabolites, pathways, and regulatory mechanisms that hold significant roles in biological systems. Chemical and compound databases are pivotal in systems biology and metabolomics research as they grant access to information regarding the structure, characteristics, and interactions of diverse molecules. These databases serve as valuable assets for researchers to recognize and describe compounds, explore metabolic pathways, and devise experiments. Prominent chemical and compound databases utilized in these fields encompass PubChem, ChemSpider, and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes). In essence, the fusion of systems biology and metabolomics has the potential to transform our comprehension of biological systems and enhance our capacity to diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases

Analysis of Lung Nodules and Lung Cancer Detection by Low-Dose Spiral CT of The Chest During Health Check-Up

Fen Yang — 2024-07-02

Objective: To analyze the detection of lung nodules and lung cancer by low-dose spiral computed tomography (CT) of the chest in the population during health checkups. Methods: A total of 1,000 cases were selected for the data study and the data were retrospectively analyzed to detect lung nodules. They were divided into groups according to age, gender, and size of nodules, and the detection of lung nodules and lung cancer was compared. Results: A total of 268 lung nodules were detected, and the detection rates between genders were not significant (P > 0.05). The detection rate of lung nodules increased with age and stabilized after 60 years. When analyzing the size of lung nodules, there were 65 cases of nodules over 8mm. The patients were followed up for 18 months, with 36 cases of visits indicating lung cancer. A total of 10 cases were detected, including 7 cases of adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: Low-dose spiral CT chest examination during checkups can detect lung cancer early so that high-risk lung nodules can be dealt with promptly. Underlying lung adenocarcinoma can also be discovered. Individuals more than 40 years of age should regularly conduct low-dose spiral CT chest examinations to detect the presence of lung nodules or lung cancer as early as possible.