Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research

The Efficacy of Flexible Negative Pressure Suction Sheath Combined with Flexible Ureteroscopy Lithotripsy in the Treatment of Upper Urinary Tract Calculi and Its Impact on Postoperative Quality of Life

Zhongcheng Zhu — Thu, 02 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0800

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Flexible Vacuum Suction Ureteral Access Sheath (FVSUAS) combined with Flexible Ureteroscopy Lithotripsy (FURL) for Upper Urinary Tract Calculi (UUTC). Methods: A total of 88 UUTC patients admitted between August 2024 and August 2025 were selected and equally divided using a random number table. The experimental group received FVSUAS combined with FURL treatment, while the reference group received conventional guide sheath combined with FURL treatment. The therapeutic effects of the two groups were compared. Results: The stone clearance rate in the experimental group was higher than that in the reference group, with shorter operative time and postoperative hospital stay, and lower postoperative pain scores (p < 0.05). The complication rate in the experimental group was lower than that in the reference group, with lower postoperative inflammatory factor levels and higher quality of life scores (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Implementing FVSUAS combined with FURL treatment for UUTC patients results in a high stone clearance rate, shorter operative time and postoperative hospital stay, alleviation of postoperative pain symptoms, fewer complications, mild postoperative inflammatory response, and a high quality of life.

Development of a Protection Motivation Theory–Based Health Education Program for Patients with Diabetes and Periodontitis

Mingjie Cai, Wenjuan Lai, Weiqun Peng, Jiaqi Chen, Pinmei Zou — Fri, 03 Apr 2026 09:52:45 +0800

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, with a prevalence of approximately 11.2% in China that continues to rise. Periodontitis is a microorganism-initiated, multifactorial infectious disease and is regarded as the sixth complication of diabetes. Nearly 90% of individuals with diabetes are affected by periodontitis. The relationship between these two conditions is bidirectional: periodontitis worsens glycemic control, increases insulin resistance, and contributes to the development of diabetic complications, including higher mortality from ischemic heart disease and diabetic nephropathy. Conversely, sustained hyperglycemia, longer disease duration, and inadequate self-management increase the risk of periodontitis. In addition, severe periodontitis and tooth loss impose a substantial social and economic burden. However, oral-health knowledge among diabetic patients remains limited. This study aimed to develop a Protection Motivation Theory (PMT)-based health education program for patients with diabetes and periodontitis. Objective: To develop a PMT-based health education program for patients with diabetes and periodontitis and provide a replicable intervention for clinical practice. Methods: Guided by PMT, this study used evidence synthesis and Delphi expert consultation. Literature retrieval, screening, quality appraisal, evidence extraction, and grading were conducted to develop a draft program, which was then refined through expert consultation on content, delivery, intervention cycle, and expected outcomes. Results: Of 448 records identified, 22 studies were included, yielding 31 best-evidence items. Evidence confirmed the bidirectional relationship between diabetes and periodontitis and the importance of health education in improving glycemic and periodontal outcomes. After two Delphi rounds, the final program included 7 primary and 48 secondary items. Expert participation was 100% in both rounds; the authority coefficient was 0.87; coefficients of variation ranged from 0.10 to 0.25; Kendall’s W values were 0.466 and 0.301 (p < 0.01), indicating good agreement. Conclusion: A structured PMT-based health education program with sound scientific basis and feasibility was developed for patients with diabetes and periodontitis.

Efficacy of Modified Baihe Dihuang Decoction Combined with Escitalopram in Treating Depression and Its Impact on Serum Levels of 5-HT and ACTH

Guofang Lv, Yuhong Ye — Fri, 03 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0800

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of Modified Baihe Dihuang Decoction combined with Escitalopram (ESC) in treating depression. Methods: A total of 200 patients with depression admitted to the hospital from May 2023 to May 2025 were selected and randomly divided into two groups using a random number table. The experimental group received combined treatment with Modified Baihe Dihuang Decoction and ESC, while the control group received ESC monotherapy. The therapeutic effects of the two groups were compared. Results: The total effective rate of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and the total effective rate of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). After 6 weeks of treatment, the cortisol (Cor) level in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group. The HAMD scores after 2, 4, and 6 weeks of treatment were lower in the experimental group than in the control group. The levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) were better in the experimental group than in the control group, and the Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) score was lower in the experimental group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Combined treatment with Modified Baihe Dihuang Decoction and ESC for patients with depression can improve clinical efficacy, alleviate TCM syndromes, reduce depressive symptoms, regulate neurotransmitter and hormone secretion, and exhibit high medication safety.

Analysis of Factors Influencing the Return of Spontaneous Circulation and Prognosis in Patients with In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Under a Rapid Response System

Shuwen Ren, Mingming Wang, Zhengnan Wu, Peng Wang, Titi Li — Fri, 03 Apr 2026 11:31:15 +0800

Objective: To investigate the influencing factors and prognosis of the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in patients with unexpected in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) under the rapid response system. Methods: According to the Utstein template, a retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 263 patients with unexpected IHCA from a tertiary-level hospital in Zhenjiang City from May 2019 to May 2024. The primary outcomes were categorized into the ROSC group and the Non-ROSC group based on post-resuscitation outcomes, while the secondary outcomes were divided into the discharged alive group and the non-discharged alive group. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the influencing factors and prognosis of ROSC, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot survival curves. Results: (1) A total of 263 patients with IHCA were included in this study, with 166 cases (63.5%) achieving ROSC and 54 cases (32.5%) surviving for 7 days, among whom 42 cases (15.9%) were discharged alive. (2) Multivariate regression analysis revealed that age, abnormal BMI, duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), ventilation method during resuscitation, and the initial cumulative dosage of epinephrine were independent influencing factors for Non-ROSC in IHCA patients (p < 0.05). The NRS2002 score, recurrent resuscitation events, initial cumulative dosage of epinephrine, and duration of CPR were independent influencing factors for non-discharge alive in IHCA patients (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The ROSC rate of IHCA under the rapid response system has improved, but the rate of discharged alive remains relatively low. The system plays a certain role in reducing in-hospital mortality; however, further strengthening of the links in each stage is necessary to enhance patient prognosis.

Current Status of Antidepressant Drug Research and Development in China: A Feature Analysis Based on Drug Clinical Trial Registration and Information Disclosure Platform

Zhe Liu, Yurong Zhang, Li Wang, Xin Wang, Rui Xu — Fri, 03 Apr 2026 11:41:47 +0800

Objective: To systematically review the clinical trial data of registered antidepressant drugs in China, conducted an in-depth analysis of their current status and development trends, and provided reference for the research and development of antidepressants. Methods: Clinical trials of registered antidepressant drugs registered from April 16,2013, to December 31,2025, were searched. The development status of antidepressant drug clinical trials in China was analyzed from various aspects, including drug types, indications, trial classification, phase, and design types. Results: A total of 675 trials were included, comprising 667 domestic multicenter trials and 8 international multicenter trials. Among them, chemical drugs accounted for 96.0%, while biological products were absent. There were 500 bioequivalence studies (74.1%), with Phase II and III trials employing parallel group, randomized, and double-blind designs. 501 (74.2%) clinical trials provided trial injury insurance for participants, and research resources were concentrated in leading psychiatric specialty hospitals. Conclusion: Although the overall development of antidepressant drug clinical trials in China has shown a steady trend, the number of international multicenter trials remains significantly low, while bioequivalence studies and early exploratory trials are more prevalent. Future efforts should focus on strengthening international cooperation and exchange, as well as innovative drug development, to accelerate the fulfillment of clinical needs for patients with depression in China.

Analysis of Reasons for Suspension of Drug Clinical Trials Between China and Other Countries

Jingwen He, Yurong Zhang, Ruizhong Wang — Fri, 03 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0800

Objective: To analyze the various reasons for the suspension of drug clinical trials, provide suitable solutions to reduce the incidence of such suspensions, prevent wastage of resources, and enhance the completion rate of clinical trials. Method: Relevant information on drug clinical trials suspended in China and other countries was retrieved from “Drug Clinical Trial Registration and Information Disclosure Platform” and “ClinicalTrials.gov”. Various factors were statistically summarized, comparing the reasons for clinical trial suspensions between China and other countries, and analyzing differences among groups in various classification variables, including indications, years, trial phases, and types of drugs. Result: A total of 323,248 drug clinical trials were conducted internationally, with a suspension rate of 0.48% (1,564/323,248). Within this dataset, China reported 377 suspended clinical trials, constituting 1.66% (377/22,703) of its total studies, while other countries conducted a total of 300,545 clinical trials, resulting in a suspension rate of 0.39% (1,187/300,545). The primary cause of suspension in various countries was attributed to issues related to sponsors and funding. Notably, there existed a statistically significant difference in the number of suspended trials between China and other countries (p < 0.05). Conclusion: During the research preparation phase, sponsors should meticulously assess the feasibility of clinical trials and exercise prudence in development decisions. The clinical trial protocol design must prioritize safety and scientific validity. Research teams should be equipped with emergency risk control measures, adhere to pertinent laws and regulations governing clinical trial, and ensure adequate management. Thus, drug clinical trials can only be conducted with high quality, thereby ensuring the progression of drug marketing.

Research Progress on Ferroptosis in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

Yichen Liu, You Peng — Fri, 03 Apr 2026 14:41:05 +0800

Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) is the terminal manifestation of long-term myocardial ischemia, necrosis, and fibrosis caused by coronary artery disease, and its pathogenesis involves multiple modes of cell death. In recent years, the role of ferroptosis as an iron dependent, lipid peroxidation driven regulatory form of cell death in ICM has gradually been revealed. This article systematically reviews the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and its role in the occurrence and development of ICM, and explores potential therapeutic strategies targeting ferroptosis, aiming to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of ICM.

Construction and Empirical Study of a Standardized Nursing Protocol for CO2 Angiography in Patients with Lower Extremity Arteriosclerosis Obliterans Complicated by Renal Insufficiency

Yan Zhao, Chao Kong, Jie Cai, Fang Yang — Fri, 03 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0800

Objective: To develop and empirically analyze a standardized nursing protocol for CO₂ angiography in patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) complicated by renal insufficiency. Methods: A standardized nursing protocol for CO₂ angiography was first established for patients with lower extremity ASO complicated by renal insufficiency. Subsequently, 30 patients who underwent interventional therapy for lower extremity ASO complicated by renal insufficiency in the interventional vascular surgery department of our hospital from October 2025 to December 2025, following the standardized protocol, were selected as the experimental group. Another 20 patients who received treatment without the standardized protocol from October 2024 to December 2024 were selected as the control group. Intraoperative cooperation time, hospital stay, cost-effectiveness indicators, complications, and patient satisfaction were analyzed. Results: Compared with the control group, the experimental group exhibited a reduction in intraoperative cooperation time and hospital stay (p < 0.05). Although the cost of surgical consumables in the experimental group decreased compared to the control group, this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). However, the costs of medications and total hospitalization expenses significantly decreased in the experimental group (p < 0.05). The overall incidence of complications was lower in the experimental group than in the control group (p < 0.05), and patient satisfaction was higher in the experimental group. Conclusion: The development and application of a standardized nursing protocol for CO₂ angiography can effectively improve nursing quality, reduce the risk of complications, and enhance patient prognosis, demonstrating clinical value for widespread adoption.

Advances in Mechanisms and Clinical Applications of Lasers with Different Wavelengths in Medicine

Rongzhu Yu, Liwei Feng, Jing Guo, Xiaolin Bu — Sun, 05 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0800

Since its inception, laser technology has undergone a leapfrog development from fundamental exploration to extensive clinical applications. In its early stages, lasers were mainly used for simple tissue cutting. With continuous technological innovation, their clinical value in precision therapy and minimally invasive intervention has become increasingly prominent. Lasers have evolved into an indispensable tool for the treatment of numerous diseases, driving a paradigm shift in diagnosis and treatment within the medical field. Lasers of different wavelengths exhibit significant differences in penetration depth and absorption characteristics within biological tissues. This wavelength selectivity enables lasers to act precisely on target tissues while minimizing damage to surrounding normal tissues. For instance, specific wavelengths can be selectively absorbed by chromophores such as melanin and hemoglobin, thereby achieving precise treatment of related diseases. This constitutes the fundamental mechanism underlying the precision of medical lasers. This review aims to systematically summarize recent advances in the working principles, expanded clinical applications, and cutting-edge research trends of various wavelengths of lasers in medicine. It is intended to provide comprehensive and up-to-date references for researchers and clinicians in related fields, and to promote the further development and application of medical laser technology.

Clinical Efficacy of Xiaochengqi Decoction Enema Combined with Conventional Therapy in Patients with Acute Simple Intestinal Obstruction

Xiujuan Guo, Hongfei Deng, Yanheng Zhang, Zhongjian Li — Sun, 05 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0800

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Xiaochengqi Decoction enema in the treatment of acute simple intestinal obstruction and to compare its effects with those of Gastrografin and soap water enema. Methods: This study was designed as a prospective randomized controlled study. A total of 150 patients diagnosed with acute simple intestinal obstruction and admitted to the Emergency Department of Linfen People’s Hospital between September 2023 and August 2025 were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned into the Xiaochengqi Decoction group, the Gastrografin group, and the soap water group, with 50 patients in each group. All groups received conventional conservative management, including fasting, continuous gastrointestinal decompression, fluid resuscitation, and correction of water–electrolyte and acid–base imbalances. In addition, patients in the Xiaochengqi Decoction group received modified Xiaochengqi Decoction retention enema, those in the Gastrografin group received 76% Gastrografin via nasogastric tube, and those in the soap water group received soap water enema. Clinical efficacy, symptom relief time, length of hospital stays, and imaging improvement were compared among the three groups. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed among the three groups in baseline characteristics (p > 0.05). Overall clinical efficacy differed significantly among the groups (χ² = 11.429, p = 0.003). The total effective rate was highest in the Xiaochengqi Decoction group (90.0%), followed by the Gastrografin group (86.0%) and the soap water group (76.0%). Significant differences were also identified in abdominal pain relief time, time to first flatus, time to first defecation, and length of hospital stay (all p < 0.001), with the shortest durations observed in the Xiaochengqi Decoction group. Imaging improvement rates differed significantly among groups (χ² = 13.333, p = 0.001), with the highest rate in the Xiaochengqi Decoction group (98.0%). Conclusion: Xiaochengqi Decoction enema, when combined with conventional conservative therapy, may improve clinical outcomes in patients with acute simple intestinal obstruction, promote recovery of bowel function, and reduce hospital stay, demonstrating favorable clinical applicability.

A Study on the Correlation between Anxiety Levels, Family Resilience and Hope Levels in Patients after Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Surgery

Juan Xiao, Shaoyan Yuan, Fang Xu, Weijuan Li — Sun, 05 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0800

Objective: This study aims to explore the correlations between anxiety levels, family resilience, and hope levels in postoperative patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, providing a theoretical basis for reducing anxiety in postoperative patients. Methods: Convenience sampling was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among 150 patients who underwent prostatic hyperplasia resection in our hospital from June 2024 to December 2025. The questionnaire included a general information questionnaire, an anxiety scale, a family resilience scale, and a hope level scale. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the factors influencing anxiety after prostatic hyperplasia surgery. Results: A total of 140 questionnaires were retrieved, with an effective recovery rate of 93.33%. Patients scored 51.71 ± 16.49 in anxiety level, 29.67 ± 10.44 in family resilience, and 29.67 ± 11.44 in hope level. Anxiety level was negatively correlated with erectile function (r = -0.379, p < 0.001). Negatively correlated with family resilience (r = -0.380, p < 0.001), negatively correlated with hope level (r = -0.476, p < 0.001), The results of multiple linear regression showed that age, chronic disease status, smoking status, family resilience, and hope level were factors influencing anxiety levels in patients after benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The anxiety level of patients after prostatic hyperplasia surgery is at a moderate level. The improvement of family resilience and hope level is of great significance in postoperative rehabilitation. It is recommended to strengthen psychological support and family intervention in clinical management, and pay attention to older patients, those with chronic diseases and smokers to improve the overall quality of life and treatment effect of patients.

Research on the Risk Classification Nursing Model in the Prevention of Pressure Injuries in Critically Ill Patients in ICU

Chuanmei Wang — Sun, 05 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0800

Objective: The purpose of the study was to explore the application effect of the risk classification nursing model in the prevention of pressure injury in critically ill patients in the ICU. Methods: A total of 186 critically ill patients admitted to the ICU of our hospital from January 2024 to December 2024 were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group according to the time of admission, with 93 cases in each group. Conventional pressure injury prevention nursing measures were used in the control group, while risk classification nursing model was adopted in the observation group. The incidence, staging, time of occurrence, length of hospital stay and nursing satisfaction of pressure injury were compared between the two groups. Results: The results showed that the incidence of pressure injury in the observation group was 5.38%, significantly lower than 15.05% in the control group (p < 0.05); The proportion of stage I pressure injury in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the proportion of stage II and above was lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05); The occurrence time of pressure injury in the observation group was later than that in the control group, and the length of hospital stay was shorter than that in the control group (p < 0.05); The nursing satisfaction score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The risk classification nursing model can effectively reduce the incidence of pressure injury in critically ill patients in the ICU, delay the occurrence time, shorten the length of hospital stay, and improve nursing satisfaction. It is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Research Progress on Risk Perception of Skeletal-Related Events in Patients with Solid Tumors

Shaomei You, Jian Chen — Sun, 05 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0800

Skeletal-related events are common complications in patients with advanced solid tumors and bone metastases, significantly affecting their quality of life and survival prognosis. Risk perception refers to an individual's recognition, judgment, and understanding of risky matters, which holds great significance in promoting healthy behaviors and improving preventive actions among patients. Understanding the level of risk perception for bone-related events in patients with solid tumors is a crucial approach to enhancing their subjective initiative and compliance in bone health management behaviors. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current status, measurement tools, influencing factors, and intervention strategies related to the risk perception of bone-related events in patients with solid tumors. The aim is to enhance the awareness of bone-related events among patients with solid tumors and clinical practitioners, providing references for promoting bone health management behaviors and improving patients' quality of life.

Visual Analysis of the Current Situation of Elderly Care for Empty-Nest Seniors in Rural China Based on CiteSpace

Fang Xu, Juan Xiao, Xiaofang Hu, Jianfeng Xu, Shaoyan Yuan — Sun, 05 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0800

Objective：To analyze the hotspots and trends in the current state of care for rural empty-nest elderly in China over the past two decades, providing insights for future research on this topic. Methods: Chinese literature related to the care of rural empty-nest elderly was retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, covering the period from January 2005 to December 2024. Citespace software was employed to generate visualizations of publication volume, author collaboration patterns, keyword co-occurrence, clustering, and emergent themes. Results: A total of 808 articles were included. Publication volume exhibited a trend of “slow growth—rapid surge—gradual decline”, with room for improvement in author collaboration. Co-occurrence and clustering maps revealed that research hotspots primarily revolved around issues such as care provision, security, services, and influencing factors for rural empty-nest elderly. Conclusion: Research on elderly care for rural empty-nest elderly in China has transitioned from foundational conceptual studies to a stage of substantive development. Establishing a three-dimensional network integrating “care strategy innovation, technology empowerment, and policy coordination” is key to addressing