International Journal of General Practice Nursing

The Effect of Reflective Teaching on Critical Thinking Skills of Midwifery Students

Ying Zhou — 2024-09-06

Objective: To study and investigate the impact of the role of reflective teaching to midwifery students on the development of their critical thinking skills. Methods: 60 midwifery students were selected as research subjects, with 30 midwifery students in midwifery class 1 receiving traditional teaching methods and were classified as the control group. The other 30 midwifery students in midwifery class 2 received reflective teaching and were classified as the training group. The study compared the critical thinking ability scores, incremental critical thinking ability scores, post-training assessment scores, and satisfaction with the teaching between the two groups before and after the training. Results: Before training, the comparison of the critical thinking ability scores of midwifery students in the two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05); after training, the critical thinking ability scores of midwifery students in the two groups were effectively improved (P < 0.05). The total score of critical thinking ability in the training group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05); the degree of improvement of critical thinking ability in the training group was greater than that of the control group (P < 0.05); the assessment scores of the training group were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05); and the satisfaction rate of the effect of teaching midwifery students in the training group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Reflective teaching training for midwifery students can help to improve teaching quality and training effect, promote midwifery students’ critical thinking ability and professionalism, and gain recognition from midwifery students.

Application of Hierarchical and Progressive Teaching Methods in Gastroscopy Simulation Training Education of Emergency Department Physicians

Pengman Chen — 2024-09-06

The purpose of this study is to explore the application of hierarchical progressive teaching methods in emergency department physicians. Traditional medical education methods usually adopt a unified teaching plan, which cannot meet the learning needs of different students. Therefore, this study introduced the hierarchical and progressive teaching method and developed a personalized learning plan according to the gastroscopy skill level and needs of physicians. Methods through comparative research, including assessing trainees’ skill level, group learning, implementing personalized education, providing real-time feedback, and regular assessment. The results showed that the students who applied the hierarchical progressive teaching method showed a significant improvement in the gastroscopy skill assessment. They were more actively involved in classroom activities, and their learning satisfaction was improved significantly. Compared with traditional teaching methods, the hierarchical progressive teaching method has higher educational efficiency, enabling students to master skills more quickly. Furthermore, standardized assessment tools make it easier to measure trainees’ skill levels. Therefore, this study concluded that the hierarchical progressive approach is an effective educational strategy that can be used to improve the gastroscopy skills and medical quality of ED physicians. Future studies could further explore how to further improve and optimize this educational approach.

The Influence of Socioeconomic Factors on Diabetes Management and Its Outcomes

Mehran Khan — 2024-09-06

Diabetes is a growing global issue, with socioeconomic status (SES) influencing diabetes incidence and prevalence. Adults with low incomes are more likely to have diabetes and have higher rates of complications and mortality. Education quality is more important than quantity in SES assessments. High-income individuals are less likely to experience diabetes due to the affordability of balanced diets and medications. Long work hours and illiteracy also contribute to diabetes. Research in Bahawalpur, Pakistan, found that socioeconomic factors significantly influence diabetes patients, with poor economic and diabetic education being more common. Physical activity and lack of life insurance also contribute to diabetes. In Bahawalpur, a cross-sectional study of the influence of socioeconomic factors on diabetes management and outcomes across age and gender groups, involving 374 participants from various social and economic backgrounds was carried out. The questionnaire results show that 60% of the participants were male and 39.39% were female. The participants over the age of 50 make up 66.80% of the total number. Among the 374 participants, 236 (63.10%) were jobless. 41.97% of participants had poor knowledge about diabetes. The participants have poor diabetes management due to poor education, poor economics, and a lack of physical activities, thus having a negative influence on their lives.

Clinical and Biological Impact of KRAS Overexpression in Stomach Adenocarcinoma

Syed Hussain Raza — 2024-09-06

This study analyzes Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS) expression heterogeneity, and biological and clinical relevance in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). The study utilized various tools including UALCAN, GEPIA2, Kaplan-Meier (KM) plotter, cBioPortal, STRING, DAVID, and TIMER 2.0 to conduct this analysis. The results illustrated overexpression of KRAS in STAD and the analysis based on various clinicopathological parameters also verified overexpression of KRAS in STAD. Eventually, this overexpression was linked to poor overall survival (OS) of STAD patients. These results suggested the role of KRAS is involved in the development and progression of STAD. The study also assessed several significant correlations of KRAS expression with promoter methylation tumor purity and immune cell infiltration. Genetic alteration of KRAS revealed to have a strong role in STAD initiation. Gene enrichment analysis highlighted the enrichment of KRAS with various pathways. In conclusion, the findings illustrated the potential of KRAS as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarker in STAD.

Overview of Skin Cancer and Risk Factors

Muhammad Abubakar — 2024-09-06

Skin cancer is a complex and serious health condition with high metastatic abilities and comprises two types including melanoma, the most dangerous type, and non-melanoma skin cancer, such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Skin cancer has a high prevalence ratio and millions of mortalities worldwide. Multiple risk factors account for the initiation, development, progression, and metastasis of skin cancer such as ultraviolet radiations, X-rays, immunocompromised situations, skin lesions, and alteration in genetic makeup. CEP55, FOXM1b, and HELLS genes play critical roles in the progression of the cell cycle, cell proliferation, cell division, DNA replication, and repair system. The overexpression of these genes involves complex molecular mechanisms and is linked with the development and progression of multiple cancers including skin cancer. This review article summarized the history and recent advancement of risk factors for skin tumorigenesis development and progression.

Analysis of the Application Effect of Comprehensive Nursing Intervention in Elderly Patients with Cirrhosis Ascites

Rui Cao — 2024-09-06

Objective: To investigate the effects of comprehensive nursing intervention on the complication rate, nursing satisfaction, and prognosis of elderly patients with cirrhotic ascites. Methods: 62 elderly patients with cirrhotic ascites were selected for the study, and the inclusion time was from January 2022 to January 2023. According to the random method, the patients were divided into the reference group and the observation group, and conventional nursing and comprehensive nursing were carried out to compare the nursing effect, respectively. The patient’s satisfaction with care and prognosis was investigated. Results: The quality of life and satisfaction scores of the observation group were higher than those of the reference group, and the complication rate was lower (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Comprehensive nursing intervention in patients with cirrhosis ascites can reduce the incidence of complications, and is conducive to improving their quality of life and satisfaction.

The Multifaceted Role of Phafin Proteins in Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Their Functions, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential Across Various Tumor Types

Yasir Hameed — 2024-09-06

Phafin proteins, specifically Phafin1 and Phafin2, have recently emerged as critical players in cancer biology due to their involvement in essential cellular processes such as autophagy, apoptosis, and signal transduction. Phafin1, characterized by its pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and FYVE domain, regulates autophagy and apoptosis, thereby influencing cancer cell survival and proliferation. Dysregulation of Phafin1-mediated autophagy and its interaction with pro-apoptotic proteins like Bax contribute to apoptosis resistance in various cancers, including breast and lung cancer. Phafin2, sharing structural similarities with Phafin1, plays roles in endosomal trafficking and signaling pathways, enhancing cancer cell migration and invasion, particularly in colorectal and gastric cancers. Elevated levels of Phafin proteins correlate with poor prognosis and chemoresistance, underscoring their potential as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Targeting Phafin proteins through small molecule inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies presents a promising therapeutic strategy, aiming to restore the balance between autophagy and apoptosis in cancer cells. This review synthesizes recent research on Phafin proteins, highlighting their molecular mechanisms, roles in specific cancers, and potential clinical applications, providing a comprehensive understanding of their significance in cancer biology and therapy.

Relationship between Psychosomatic Factors and Functional Dyspepsia and Progress in Treatment

Yue Pan — 2024-09-06

Objective: To investigate the relationship between psychosomatic factors and functional indigestion, to provide relevant treatment methods and measures according to the actual situation as a clinical reference. Methods: This pilot study was conducted in the hospital from August 2023 to August 2024, and 100 patients who were diagnosed with functional dyspepsia were selected for the study. In this study, the anxiety self-rating scale and depression self-rating scale were applied to assess the psychological conditions of the patients and analyze the relationship between psychological conditions and functional dyspepsia. Subsequently, the patients were divided into two groups, in which one group was given conventional glutamine and other treatments, as the control group, and the other group was given comprehensive treatment, as the experimental group, to compare and analyze the differences in the treatment effects of the patients in the two groups. Results: Among the 100 patients in this study, 34 of them were accompanied by anxiety mood disorder, 22 patients were accompanied by depression mood disorder, and 44 patients were accompanied by anxiety and depression mood disorder. The psychosomatic factors were significantly associated with functional dyspepsia. After treatment, both groups of patients have high treatment efficiency of 98.00% and 84.00% respectively, but the difference in data comparison is statistically significant (P < 0.05), in which the experimental group has the higher efficiency. At the same time, before treatment, both groups of patients were accompanied by bad mood (SAS and SDS scores are higher than the standard score), and the comparison of data between groups is not significant (P > 0.05). After the treatment, the effect was significant, the patients’ scores (SAS and SDS) were reduced, meaning the patients in the experimental group had a greater degree of reduction, and the difference between the experimental group and the control group increased (P < 0.05), and the improvement of bad mood was better. Conclusion: The human body’s mental psychological factors usually functional dyspepsia accompanied by correlation, the occurrence of adverse mental psychological problems can lead to functional dyspepsia. Based on this, it is of positive significance to give patients comprehensive treatment, adopt measures such as acid suppression and gastric protection, and at the same time give patients psychological treatment, which is more conducive to improving patients’ bad mood and digestive function and promoting patients’ recovery.

Analysis of the Changing Trend of the Burden of Rheumatic Heart Disease in China from 1990 to 2021

Yanli Yang — 2024-09-06

Objective: This study aims to provide an accurate quantitative analysis of the burden of rheumatic heart disease in China, and to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of effective prevention and control strategies. Methods: Based on the latest public database 2021 Global Burden of Diseases (GBD2021), the characteristics and trends of incidence, prevalence, mortality, and attributable risk factors of rheumatic heart disease in the Chinese population from 1990 to 2021 were quantitatively analyzed. Results: From 1990 to 2021, the incidence of rheumatic heart disease in China decreased from 620,195 to 445,472, with an average annual decrease rate of 1.07%. The incidence rate decreased from 52.72/100,000 to 31.31/100,000 with an average annual decrease rate of 1.65%, while the age-standardized incidence rate decreased from 48.92/100,000 to 39.86/100,000 with an average annual decrease rate of 0.46%. The number of cases increased slightly from 8,923,639 to 9,073,096, with an average annual growth rate of 0.28%, and the prevalence decreased from 758.75/100,000 to 637.72/100,000 with an average annual decrease rate of 0.31%. The age-standardized prevalence decreased from 708.27/100,000 to 619.85/100,000 with an average annual decrease rate of 0.21%. The number of deaths decreased from 134,208 to 78,910, with an average annual decrease rate of 1.98%, and the mortality rate decreased from 11.41/100,000 to 5.51/100,000 with an average annual decrease rate of 2.55%. The age-standardized mortality rate decreased significantly from 19.07/100,000 to 5.00/100,000 with an average annual decrease rate of 5.00%. These data show that although the number of cases increased slightly, the incidence rate, prevalence rate, mortality rate, and age-standardized rates all showed a downward trend. Conclusion: From 1990 to 2021, the burden of rheumatic heart disease in China has undergone significant changes. Although the number of cases increased slightly, the incidence rate, prevalence rate, mortality rate, and age-standardized rates all showed a downward trend. Specifically, the incidence rate decreased from 52.72/100,000 to 31.31/100,000, indicating a significant decrease in the number of new cases of rheumatic heart disease per 100,000 people. The decrease in prevalence rate, from 758.75/100,000 to 637.72/100,000, reflects a decrease in the proportion of the population with rheumatic heart disease. The most significant decrease is in the mortality rate, from 11.41/100,000 to 5.51/100,000, indicating a substantial reduction in the risk of death from rheumatic heart disease. These changes may be attributed to the continuous progress in healthcare services, implementation of public health policies, and increased population health awareness in China. In addition, advances in medical technology, improvements in emergency systems, and optimization of cardiovascular disease management have also played an important role in reducing mortality rates. However, the slight increase in the number of cases suggests that despite significant progress, rheumatic heart disease remains an important challenge in the field of public health in China, requiring continuous attention and intervention.