International Education Forum
https://ojs.bbwpublisher.com/index.php/IEF
<p><em>International </em><em>Education Forum</em> (IEF) is an international, peer reviewed and open access journal that aims to promote the development of education around the world, promote new educational concepts and methods, and demonstrate new achievements in the field of education and teaching. Manuscripts are encouraged to be submitted as original article, review, case report, short communication and letters. The covered topics include, but are not limited to: educational internationalization, educational diversification, vocational education, basic education development, curriculum development, educational psychology, educational technology, learning and educational model reform, educational assessment, special education, etc.</p>Bio-Byword Scientific Publishing Pty. Ltd.en-USInternational Education Forum3083-4902The Support System and Coordination Mechanism of Traditional Culture Integration into the Growth Education of College Students in the New Era
https://ojs.bbwpublisher.com/index.php/IEF/article/view/13547
<p>Contemporary university students are navigating a period of profound societal transformation. While material abundance has been achieved, spiritual confusion, existential uncertainty, and emotional voids are increasingly consuming their youth. The path forward remains open to interpretation. From a historical and developmental perspective, traditional cultural education undoubtedly holds irreplaceable value and significance. This paper first examines four critical challenges confronting modern students’ growth, proposing that traditional cultural education serves as a solution to these developmental dilemmas. It then outlines a five-dimensional framework for integrating traditional culture into students’ growth education. Finally, it elaborates on six essential collaborative mechanisms required for the effective operation of this support system.</p>Jing Cang
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2026-02-122026-02-12411910.26689/ief.v4i1.13547Research on the Application of Virtual Assistants in Deep English Reading Instruction for Non-English Majors in Higher Vocational Colleges
https://ojs.bbwpublisher.com/index.php/IEF/article/view/13845
<p>This study aims to explore the application effect of virtual assistants in deep English reading teaching in higher vocational colleges, so as to solve the current problems in teaching, such as rigid methods, insufficient students’ interest and ability, lack of resources, and flawed evaluation systems. The study constructs a four-dimensional driven English reading teaching model and systematically analyzes the application of virtual assistants through empirical research. The results show that this model significantly improves the academic performance of students in the experimental class, with a more concentrated score distribution and an increased proportion of high-scoring students; virtual assistants play a positive role in assisting vocabulary understanding, promoting preview and review, stimulating reading interest, and cultivating autonomous learning habits, with high-frequency users benefiting more significantly. However, there are problems such as unbalanced usage frequency and coverage, and insufficient functional adaptability. The study proposes hierarchical intervention strategies: expanding usage coverage, guiding autonomous learning in a hierarchical manner, and strengthening teaching intervention effects, providing an empirical basis and practical paths for virtual assistants to optimize deep English reading teaching in higher vocational colleges.</p>Xiaoqing Zhang
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2026-02-122026-02-1241101910.26689/ief.v4i1.13845The Construction of Photography Library Collection in University Libraries in the Digital Age and the Cultivation of College Students’ Innovative Ability
https://ojs.bbwpublisher.com/index.php/IEF/article/view/13846
<p>The rapid development of digital technology has reshaped the form of the construction of the university library literature resources, and also provided a new way for the cultivation of the innovation ability of college students. Photographic literature, as a special category of literature with both visual transmission characteristics and cultural record value, its collection construction quality directly affects the quality of talent cultivation in colleges and universities. This paper is based on the background of the digital era, analyzes the realistic predicament of the construction of the photography literature collection in the university library, explores the practical path of the collection optimization, and puts forward the specific strategy of using the photography literature collection to build the empowerment of the cultivation of college students’ innovation ability, aiming to provide theoretical reference and practical reference for the coordinated development of the university library resources construction and talent cultivation.</p>Shuai PanLingjuan SongBeibei ZhouYudi Liu
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2026-02-122026-02-1241202510.26689/ief.v4i1.13846Innovative Research on Experimental Teaching of Power System under the Background of New Engineering
https://ojs.bbwpublisher.com/index.php/IEF/article/view/13850
<p>With the increasing digitalization and intelligence of power production, dispatching, and management in the power industry, traditional experimental teaching of power systems can no longer meet the demand for high-quality power professionals in the industry. In response to the call for “New Engineering” construction, power majors in colleges and universities should reform and innovate experimental teaching to continuously improve students’ professional capabilities and comprehensive quality. Based on the value implication of experimental teaching innovation of power system under the background of New Engineering and the current situation of experimental teaching of power system, this paper briefly analyzes the innovative strategies of experimental teaching of power system under the background of New Engineering, aiming to provide certain reference for the continuous improvement of the quality of experimental teaching of power majors.</p>Jichang LiJian ChenTao Xu
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2026-02-122026-02-1241263210.26689/ief.v4i1.13850Exploration of the Feasibility and Paths of Applying Artificial Intelligence Technology in Dance Sport Teaching
https://ojs.bbwpublisher.com/index.php/IEF/article/view/13851
<p>The application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in college dance sport teaching holds significant practical significance. This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the feasibility and paths of applying AI technology in dance sport teaching. Firstly, it explores the feasibility of AI technology application, then deeply analyzes the important significance of AI technology in dance teaching, and finally proposes effective teaching paths. The aim is to provide valuable references for improving dance teaching effects and promoting the reform of college physical education.</p>Yuanxin Lyu
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2026-02-122026-02-1241333810.26689/ief.v4i1.13851Research on the Empowerment of AIGC in the Accounting (ACCA International Accounting) Program within the Framework of Four-Chain Integration and Industry-Education Collaboration
https://ojs.bbwpublisher.com/index.php/IEF/article/view/13852
<p>Against the backdrop of the global digital economic transformation, it is crucial to cultivate interdisciplinary accounting professionals with international perspectives, intelligent technology skills, and local practical capabilities. Currently, the Accounting (ACCA International Accounting) program faces challenges such as the disconnection between international accounting standards education and practice, insufficient effectiveness of bilingual teaching, and superficial industry-education integration. This paper adopts the “Four-Chain Integration” framework and introduces Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC) as a technological driver to construct a new model characterized by “International Leadership, Digital-Intelligence Drive, and Industry-Education Symbiosis.” Through a case study in finance and accounting education, specific pathways are designed for AIGC to restructure knowledge content, reshape teaching methodologies, and reconstruct practical platforms. The aim is to bridge the gaps between international and local contexts, as well as theory and practice, achieving deep, end-to-end collaboration.</p>Xiaotong Sun
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2026-02-122026-02-1241394610.26689/ief.v4i1.13852Research on the Integration of National Defense Education and Ideological and Political Education in Colleges and Universities Empowered by Digital Technology
https://ojs.bbwpublisher.com/index.php/IEF/article/view/13853
<p>With the continuous development of digital technology, its wide application in the field of higher education has created new opportunities and approaches for the integration of national defense education and ideological and political education in colleges and universities. From the perspective of digital technology empowerment, this paper analyzes the significance of this technology for the integration of the two, objectively examines the difficulties faced in their integration, and focuses on practical measures such as optimizing the online curriculum system, innovating online teaching methods, building online education platforms, and strengthening the teaching staff. The aim is to promote the integration of national defense education and ideological and political education in colleges and universities, cultivate new-era young talents who can shoulder the responsibility of national rejuvenation, and provide a reference for the subsequent integration of college education.</p>Yi Zhao
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2026-02-122026-02-1241475310.26689/ief.v4i1.13853Research on the Innovation Path of Agricultural Talent Training Model in Higher Vocational Colleges Driven by Digital Intelligence
https://ojs.bbwpublisher.com/index.php/IEF/article/view/13854
<p>With the continuous development of new-generation information technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence, society is accelerating its entry into the digital intelligence era. Under this situation, the agricultural industry has begun to transform and upgrade towards digital intelligence, which puts forward higher requirements for the abilities and literacy of agricultural talents: they are required to have a solid agricultural theoretical foundation and professional skills, as well as certain digital intelligence literacy and capabilities. Based on this, this paper mainly analyzes and studies the significance, problems, and paths of innovating the agricultural talent training model in higher vocational colleges driven by digital intelligence. The aim is to cultivate more new-type agricultural talents adapting to the development of the digital intelligence era to meet the needs of the transformation and upgrading of the modern agricultural industry, and to provide a reference for research and practice in related fields.</p>Yanling ZhaoQing ZhangMinya XuShengqin HuHui Dong
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2026-02-122026-02-1241546010.26689/ief.v4i1.13854Study on Effective Teaching Modes of English Classes in the Online Environment of Independent Colleges—A Case Study of Listening Courses for English Majors
https://ojs.bbwpublisher.com/index.php/IEF/article/view/13855
<p>Based on the learning characteristics of English majors in independent colleges and focusing on the technical advantages of the online environment, this study systematically explores effective teaching models for English listening courses through the research path of theoretical exploration, model construction, empirical testing, and optimization and promotion. It aims to break through the bottlenecks of traditional teaching, enhance students’ initiative and effectiveness in listening and learning, and provide replicable and promotable practical experience for the digital reform of English courses in independent colleges.</p>Xueshuang Yang
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2026-02-122026-02-1241616610.26689/ief.v4i1.13855Artificial Intelligence Empowers Art Classrooms: Exploring the Boundaries Between Teaching Assistance and Creative Substitution
https://ojs.bbwpublisher.com/index.php/IEF/article/view/13856
<p>This paper focuses on the application of artificial intelligence in art classrooms, delving into its significant advantages in teaching assistance and the controversies arising from its potential creative substitution attribute. By analyzing AI’s role in providing art teaching resources and personalized learning support, as well as its impact on the artistic creation process and work styles, this study attempts to clarify the boundary between AI’s teaching assistance and creative substitution in art classrooms. Although AI has undeniable value in enriching teaching methods and broadening students’ horizons, human artists still dominate in emotional expression and the transmission of ideological connotations, with irreplaceable characteristics. Clarifying these boundaries helps art educators better utilize AI technology to improve teaching quality and cultivate students’ artistic literacy and creativity.</p>Ziyin Xiong
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2026-02-122026-02-1241677210.26689/ief.v4i1.13856Strategies for the External Publicity Translation of Ecotourism Texts from an Intercultural Perspective—A Case Study of the Official Website of Yunnan Provincial Museum Name Organization Postcode
https://ojs.bbwpublisher.com/index.php/IEF/article/view/13857
<p>In recent years, China has made remarkable achievements in ecological civilization construction, which have fully demonstrated the new look of ecological progress in the new era and created strong conditions for enhancing China’s ecological image on the international stage. From an intercultural perspective, it is imperative to carry out the external publicity translation of ecotourism texts. By virtue of such translation, we can promote the exchange and integration of different cultures, enable more people to appreciate the ecological environment and abundant tourism resources in various regions, and achieve intercultural interaction and communication. In view of this, this study explores the strategies for the external publicity translation of ecotourism texts from an intercultural perspective. It aims to expand the audience scope of ecotourism, attract more international tourists, and contribute to the vigorous development of the tourism industry and sustained economic growth.</p>Hong Ren
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2026-02-122026-02-1241737910.26689/ief.v4i1.13857The Construction and Practice of an Extracurricular System for Primary Education Majors Guided by Teacher Education Accreditation
https://ojs.bbwpublisher.com/index.php/IEF/article/view/13859
<p>Against the backdrop of teacher education program accreditation, this program has developed an extracurricular educational system aligned with the “One Practice, Three Acquisitions” graduation requirements to address issues such as loose integration between extracurricular activities and accreditation standards, and fragmented event organization. This framework comprises four modules: “Professional Ethics Immersion”, “Teaching Enhancement”, “Educational Experience”, and “Development Empowerment.” Implementation is achieved through branded activities and a dual-teacher collaboration mechanism, supported by an evaluation system combining quantitative points with qualitative portfolios and featuring a dynamic feedback loop. This ensures seamless integration with formal classroom learning. Practice demonstrates that the system effectively enhances teacher trainees’ comprehensive literacy and professional competence, providing an actionable pathway for developing extracurricular programs under accreditation-driven frameworks.</p>Li LiuJia BiLinyuan Su
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2026-02-122026-02-1241808710.26689/ief.v4i1.13859Research on Policy Evaluation Based on a Dual Machine Learning Model: Taking the Impact of the “Double Reduction” Policy on Students’ Academic Performance as an Example
https://ojs.bbwpublisher.com/index.php/IEF/article/view/13861
<p>The “Double Reduction” policy is a major reform in China’s basic education field, and the impact assessment of this change on students’ academic performance is the core basis for strategy optimization. Previous evaluation methods were prone to selection bias and confounding variables, compromising the authenticity of results. This study employs panel data from students at School A (2020–2022) as a sample, treating the “Double Reduction” policy as a quasi-natural experiment. By applying a dual machine learning model to control for confounding variables such as individual student characteristics, family background, and school resources, it precisely identifies the causal relationship between the policy and academic outcomes. The study finds that the strategy has the characteristics of “overall improvement and structural improvement” in students’ academic performance, the average score of core subjects is increased, and the dispersion degree is reduced, the improvement effect on students with medium academic level is the most outstanding, and the influence on excellent students and students with learning difficulties is relatively moderate. Research demonstrates that the dual machine learning model effectively addresses endogeneity issues, providing robust methodological support for educational strategy evaluation. The “Double Reduction” policy enhances academic quality and efficiency through optimized learning environments.</p>Linjia Li
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2026-02-122026-02-1241889310.26689/ief.v4i1.13861A Corpus-based Comparative Study on the English Translation Standardization of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Technique Terminology: Pathways and Proposals
https://ojs.bbwpublisher.com/index.php/IEF/article/view/13308
<p>The accuracy and consistency of English translations for acupuncture and moxibustion technique terminology, as a pioneering field in the internationalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), are crucial for global education, clinical exchange, and academic development. Currently, three major authoritative systems—the World Health Organization (WHO) International Standard Terminologies, the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies (WFCMS) International Standard Chinese-English Basic Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine, and the Chinese National Standard General Terminology of Acupuncture and Moxibustion (GB/T 30232-2013)—coexist. However, significant discrepancies exist in their translated terms, indicating insufficient standardization. To systematically investigate this issue and explore solutions, this study first constructed a Multi-Standard English Translation Comparative Corpus of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Technique Terminology, encompassing terms from these three standards. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis of 63 core terms commonly included across all standards, it was found that the rate of completely identical translations is merely 14.3%. The discrepancies primarily manifest in four aspects: lexical choice, structural expression, cultural adaptation strategy, and the degree of retention of source-language cultural symbols. In response to this situation, this study proposes a tiered framework of principles for constructing an English translation system. Building on this framework, a four-stage collaborative pathway for standardization implementation is further outlined. This research not only provides a systematic theoretical framework and practical guidelines for translating acupuncture technique terminology but also offers an academic foundation and actionable plan for promoting the establishment of a more authoritative and consensual international standard. It holds significant theoretical and practical importance for advancing the high-quality international dissemination of TCM.</p>Liqin WuYubei LuoPenghui Yu
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2026-02-122026-02-12419410310.26689/ief.v4i1.13308Research on Teaching Reform of the Travel Agency Management Course in Application- Oriented Undergraduate Colleges
https://ojs.bbwpublisher.com/index.php/IEF/article/view/13863
<p>This paper focuses on teaching reform in travel agency management courses at applied undergraduate institutions. It first analyzes existing issues in current course instruction, including the disconnect between teaching content and practical needs, monotonous teaching methods, and weak practical training components. The necessity of educational reform is then discussed, emphasizing its significance in cultivating industry-ready professionals for the travel agency sector. Specific reform strategies are proposed across four dimensions: curriculum design, pedagogical approaches, practical training, and assessment mechanisms. Finally, the paper outlines anticipated outcomes to provide valuable references for improving teaching quality and nurturing high-caliber professionals who can meet evolving industry demands.</p>Ying Zhang
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2026-02-122026-02-124110410910.26689/ief.v4i1.13863Construction and Practical Exploration of a Quality Management System for Higher Vocational Education Driven by Big Data
https://ojs.bbwpublisher.com/index.php/IEF/article/view/13864
<p>This article focuses on the construction and practical exploration of a quality management system for higher vocational education driven by big data. Through innovative thinking and methods, this paper deeply analyzes the application value of big data in quality management of higher vocational education, explores the path to building a scientific and reasonable quality management system, and proposes targeted countermeasures for the problems faced in practice, aiming to improve the quality of higher vocational education.</p>Lei Tang
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2026-02-122026-02-124111011610.26689/ief.v4i1.13864The Impact of AI Image Generation on Student Creativity
https://ojs.bbwpublisher.com/index.php/IEF/article/view/13866
<p>The application of AI-generated image technology in the educational field is reshaping traditional artistic creation and teaching models. AI tools represented by MidJourney and DALL·E provide students with unprecedented creative possibilities through their powerful image generation capabilities. These technologies have not only transformed the fundamental processes of artistic creation but also exerted profound impacts on cultivating students’ creativity. On one hand, AI tools can lower the threshold for creation, helping learners quickly visualize their ideas and stimulate creative inspiration; on the other hand, their potential negative effects cannot be overlooked, including the possible weakening of students’ original thinking, reduction in manual skill training, and ethical reflections on the essence of artistic creation. From interdisciplinary perspectives integrating cognitive psychology, pedagogy, and philosophy of art, this paper systematically analyzes the dual impact of AI-generated image technology on students’ creativity, explores its reasonable application paths in educational practice, and proposes an evaluation framework of “technology empowerment rather than replacement”, aiming to provide theoretical foundations and practical guidance for fostering creativity in the era of artificial intelligence.</p>Yuwei LiuShaohua Chen
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2026-02-122026-02-124111712210.26689/ief.v4i1.13866Development and Evaluation of Role-Playing Teaching Method for Oncologists under the Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) Model
https://ojs.bbwpublisher.com/index.php/IEF/article/view/13868
<p><em>Objective</em>: To develop a role-playing teaching method for oncologists under the multidisciplinary team (MDT) model and evaluate its effectiveness in enhancing oncologists’ professional competence, teamwork skills, and clinical decision-making abilities, providing practical references for the training of oncologists. <em>Methods</em>: A total of 70 oncologists undergoing training in the Department of Oncology at the hospital from September 2024 to September 2025 were selected as the study subjects. They were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 35 cases in each group, using a random number table method. The control group adopted the traditional teaching model, while the observation group implemented the MDT role-playing teaching method in addition to traditional teaching. The professional competence in oncology, healthcare teamwork skills, and clinical decision-making abilities of the oncologists in both groups were assessed. Additionally, data on teaching satisfaction among the oncologists and patient satisfaction with diagnosis and treatment were collected from both groups. <em>Results</em>: After the training, the total score and scores in each dimension of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group, and the scores of the observation group after training were significantly higher than those before training (all <em>P</em> < 0.001). The scores in each dimension of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group, and the scores of the observation group after training were significantly higher than those before training (all <em>P</em> < 0.001). The scores in each dimension of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group, and the scores of the observation group after training were significantly higher than those before training (all <em>P</em> < 0.001). The teaching satisfaction rate in the observation group was 97.14% (34/35), significantly higher than the 77.14% (27/35) in the control group (𝑥<sup>2</sup> = 4.590, <em>P</em> = 0.032 < 0.05). The patient satisfaction rate with diagnosis and treatment in the observation group was 94.86% (166/175), significantly higher than the 81.71% (143/175) in the control group (𝑥<sup>2</sup> = 14.614, <em>P</em> < 0.001). <em>Conclusion</em>: The role-playing teaching method under the MDT model can effectively enhance the professional competence, team collaboration ability, and clinical decision-making ability of oncologists, improve teaching satisfaction and patient satisfaction with diagnosis and treatment, and is suitable for promotion and application in the training of oncologists.</p>Yinyin HouGaili An
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2026-02-122026-02-124112312910.26689/ief.v4i1.13868The Conceptual Dimensions, Practical Challenges, and Developmental Pathways of AI Literacy for Police Cadets
https://ojs.bbwpublisher.com/index.php/IEF/article/view/13870
<p>In response to the growing demands placed on law enforcement personnel by the transformation toward intelligent policing, this study proposes a conceptual framework of artificial intelligence (AI) literacy for Police cadets, encompassing three interrelated dimensions: technological understanding, data-driven thinking, and value-based ethics. At present, police education faces several structural challenges, including a pronounced instrumental orientation toward technology, a disconnect between general education and professional training, and a lack of contextualized learning environments. To address these issues, this study advances a set of developmental pathways, including the construction of interdisciplinary integrated curricula, the adoption of inquiry-based learning grounded in authentic policing cases, and the establishment of mechanisms that promote the internalization of ethical norms through collaboration between police academies and operational units. By reshaping educational models, the study seeks to enhance the professional adaptability of future law enforcement officers and strengthen the legitimacy of policing practices in the digital era.</p>Jiafeng XuLijuan ChengDawei JiaMiao JiangRuiyang Dong
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2026-02-122026-02-124113013510.26689/ief.v4i1.13870Educational Effectiveness and Improvement Strategies of EMI in Chinese Higher Education
https://ojs.bbwpublisher.com/index.php/IEF/article/view/13875
<p>This study examined the effectiveness of English medium instruction (EMI) within the context of Chinese higher education. The research data were primarily collected through student opinion surveys conducted at Shandong University of Science and Technology (SDUST). The results indicate that EMI has yielded positive outcomes, particularly in enhancing students’ English proficiency. However, it has also generated negative effects on content knowledge acquisition and comprehension. Based on these findings, the study proposes several policy recommendations for optimizing EMI implementation in Chinese higher education.</p>Ping YuXiaoyan Yu
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2026-02-122026-02-124113614210.26689/ief.v4i1.13875Analysis of Teaching Reform Strategies for the Molecular Dynamics Course in Universities
https://ojs.bbwpublisher.com/index.php/IEF/article/view/13877
<p>As a core discipline connecting the motion of micro-particles with the properties of macro-substances, molecular dynamics is an important professional course for majors such as physics, chemistry, and materials science in universities. With the intensification of interdisciplinary integration and the rapid iteration of cutting-edge technologies, the traditional teaching model of molecular dynamics can no longer meet the demand for cultivating innovative and practical talents. Based on this, this paper conducts research on the teaching reform strategies for the molecular dynamics course in universities, systematically analyzes the problems existing in the traditional teaching of the course, clarifies the core value of teaching reform, and proposes targeted teaching reform strategies. The aim is to improve the quality of course teaching, help students consolidate theoretical foundations, enhance practical and innovative abilities, so as to adapt to disciplinary development and industry needs.</p>Shuangfei Zhu
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2026-02-122026-02-124114314910.26689/ief.v4i1.13877Research on the Relationship between Psychological Capital and Innovation Ability of Independent College Students: Empirical Research Based on 871 Samples
https://ojs.bbwpublisher.com/index.php/IEF/article/view/13878
<p>This study selected independent college students as research subjects and used a questionnaire survey method to collect 871 valid samples. Through the analysis of differences, it was concluded that male students have significantly higher levels of task-oriented psychological capital and innovation ability than female students. There are significant differences in task-oriented psychological capital among college students of different grades, but no significant difference in personal-oriented psychological capital and innovation ability. Through relevant analysis, it was concluded that personal-oriented psychological and its dimensions, as well as task-oriented psychological capital and its dimensions, and innovation ability and its dimensions among college students are significantly positively correlated with each other. Through the structural equation model, it was concluded that personal-oriented psychological capital and task-oriented psychological capital have a significant positive impact on the innovation ability of college students. Based on the above conclusions, countermeasures to enhance the innovation ability of college students are proposed.</p>Fei Sha
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2026-02-122026-02-124115015910.26689/ief.v4i1.13878AIGC Empowering Preschool Education Normal Students’ Digital Intelligence Literacy: Realistic Dilemmas and Development Pathways
https://ojs.bbwpublisher.com/index.php/IEF/article/view/13880
<p>Against the backdrop of digital and intelligent transformation, AIGC technology offers brand-new possibilities for cultivating the digital and intelligent literacy of preschool education normal students. As the core force driving the digital transformation of early childhood education in the future, the digital and intelligent literacy of these normal students is directly linked to the advancement of preschool education informatization and the improvement of educational quality. Based on the industry standard <em>Teachers’ Digital Literacy</em> and the laws of pre-service teacher training, combined with the technical characteristics of AIGC, this paper systematically analyzes the current realistic dilemmas in AIGC, empowering the enhancement of digital and intelligent literacy of preschool education normal students. The paper puts forward targeted development paths from four dimensions: technology integration, curriculum reconstruction, practical innovation, and evaluation optimization, providing theoretical reference and practical guidance for normal universities to construct a preschool education talent training system in the AIGC era.</p>Yongqing Yang
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2026-02-122026-02-124116016510.26689/ief.v4i1.13880Observe Stylistic Vitality from Afar, Refine Filling in Detail — Implementation of Artistic Principles in Ancient Sculpture Restoration
https://ojs.bbwpublisher.com/index.php/IEF/article/view/13884
<p>China’s cultural relic protection started in the 1950s, with established scientific principles including minimum intervention, reversibility, re-treatability, and recognizability. However, artistic protection still depends on restorers’ personal competence, leading to damage from poor restoration. Focusing on ancient Chinese painted sculptures, this paper proposes the artistic restoration principle “Observe Stylistic Vitality from Afar, Refine Filling in Detail” based on scientific rules, aiming to optimize preservation methodologies.</p>Tianlong Liu
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2026-02-122026-02-124116617110.26689/ief.v4i1.13884The Research and Creation of China’s Freehand Paintings from the Perspective of Image Aesthetics
https://ojs.bbwpublisher.com/index.php/IEF/article/view/13885
<p>China’s freehand brushwork oil painting is a unique artistic achievement formed by the collision and deep integration of Chinese and Western arts. With the help of oil painting materials, it integrates the spiritual core of China’s traditional image aesthetics, and pursues the aesthetic realm of “likeness is better than likeness” and “scene blending” in terms of modeling, color application, and artistic conception creation. As the key category of China’s traditional aesthetics, image aesthetics emphasizes the organic unity of “meaning” and “image”, advocates conveying infinite spiritual meaning through limited artistic images, and provides deep aesthetic guidance and a practical path for China’s freehand oil painting creation. Starting from three dimensions: the origin and transformation of aesthetic spirit, the integration and innovation of creative language, and the expansion and deepening of practical path, this paper deeply explores the concrete presentation and application methods of imagery aesthetics in freehand brushwork oil painting, aiming at revealing the cultural genes and artistic values contained in China’s freehand brushwork oil painting, and providing ideas for the inheritance and development of contemporary freehand brushwork oil painting.</p>Ran Zhang
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2026-02-122026-02-124117217710.26689/ief.v4i1.13885