Cardiovascular Reviews

Comparison of the Application Value of Treadmill Exercise Test and Dynamic Electrocardiogram in the Diagnosis of Coronary Heart Disease

Huang Yaqian — Wed, 02 Jul 2025 08:39:59 +0800

Objective: To explore the application value of treadmill exercise test and dynamic electrocardiogram in diagnosing coronary heart disease. Methods: A total of 185 patients with suspected coronary heart disease admitted to the Department of Electrocardiography in Wujia District of Central People’s Hospital from February 2023 to February 2024 were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, including 93 males and 92 females, aged from 38 to 75 years, with an average age of (55.86 ± 3.25) years. Treadmill exercise test and dynamic electrocardiogram were performed on all patients, and the results of coronary angiography were used as the gold standard. Results: The results of coronary angiography in 185 patients showed that 148 patients were diagnosed as positive, accounting for 80%. The coronary heart disease detection rate in the treadmill exercise test group was 97.30%, which was significantly higher than that in the Holter group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the treadmill exercise test group were 95.68%, 89.19%, 97.30%, 97.30%, and 89.19%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the Holter group (P < 0.05). The misdiagnosis rate and missed diagnosis rate of the treadmill exercise test group were 10.81% and 2.70%, which were significantly lower than those of the dynamic electrocardiogram group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Both treadmill exercise testing and Holter have unique advantages and limitations. In clinical practice, treadmill exercise testing has a high application value in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease and can effectively reduce the misdiagnosis rate.

A Bibliometric and Knowledge-map Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Cardiovascular Diseases from 2006 to 2024

Rong Jing, Min Bai, Yan Liu, Hui Su, He Liu, Liming Hou — Wed, 02 Jul 2025 08:53:04 +0800

Cardiovascular disease continues to be a leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide. The study employed bibliometric and knowledge-mapping analyses to explore research trends in cardiovascular disease, identifying emerging hotspots and offering new perspectives for scholars. The study conducted a comprehensive search within the WOSCC on December 28th, 2024, to retrieve articles and reviews that explore the association between gut microbiota and cardiovascular diseases. Citespace and VOSviewer were used to conduct the bibliometric and knowledge-map analysis. The analysis encompassed 1,680 studies published across 289 academic journals, authored by 9,865 researchers from 277 institutions spanning 103 countries/regions. The United States, China, Italy, and India emerged as the leading contributors, with the most cited institutions including the University of California system, INSERM, the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, and Southern Medical University (China). Among journals, Nutrients published the highest number of studies, while Nature, Gut, and the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition were the most frequently co-cited. The most prominent research focus centered on biochemistry and molecular biology, with four key cardiovascular conditions: heart failure, cardiometabolic disorders, infarction, and hypertension. GO and KEGG pathway analyses further revealed 30 critical biological processes and 21 signaling pathways linked to gut microbiota and cardiovascular disease. Additionally, PPI network analysis highlighted IFNG, IL10, TLR4, INS, TNF, IL6, IL1β, APOE, and AGT as potential core therapeutic targets for future research. Our analyses elucidated key research trends linking gut microbiota to cardiovascular diseases, highlighting metabolic modulation and prebiotic supplementation as promising therapeutic strategies.

Clinical Research on Musk Heart Drops for the Treatment of Ischemic Heart Failure (IHF) Complicated with Diabetes

Jianfei Ye — Wed, 02 Jul 2025 08:58:22 +0800

Objective: To study the clinical effect of Musk Heart Drops in the treatment of ischemic heart failure (IHF) complicated with diabetes. Methods: 120 patients with IHF and diabetes admitted to Xiangshan First People’s Hospital from May 2023 to May 2025 were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into a control group and an observation group, with 60 patients in each group, using a random number method. The control group received standard treatment, while the observation group received standard treatment plus Musk Heart Drops. The treatment lasted for 3 months. The treatment effects, symptom scores, 6-minute walk distance, cardiac function, serum indicators, and blood glucose indicators were compared and analyzed. Results: The observation group demonstrated a significantly higher treatment efficacy compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Post-treatment assessments revealed that the observation group had lower symptom scores, a longer 6-minute walking distance, and improved left ventricular function, as indicated by a higher left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and reduced left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD) and end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) (P < 0.05). Additionally, plasma NT-proBNP levels were significantly lower in the observation group (P < 0.05). Metabolic parameters also improved, with the observation group showing lower fasting blood glucose (Glu) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels than the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Musk Heart Drops combined with standard treatment can control the condition of patients with IHF and diabetes, improve symptoms, 6-minute walk distance, cardiac function, NT-proBNP, and blood glucose levels, demonstrating significant application value.

Analysis and Research on the Effect of Isosorbide Mononitrate Combined with Nicorandil in the Treatment of Myocardial Ischemia in Coronary Heart Disease

Tianyu Zhou — Wed, 02 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0800

Objective: To study the efficacy of isosorbide mononitrate combined with nicorandil in the treatment of myocardial ischemia in coronary heart disease. Methods: 100 patients with myocardial ischemia due to coronary heart disease who visited our hospital from January 2022 to January 2025 were selected as samples and randomly divided into two groups. Group A received isosorbide mononitrate combined with nicorandil, while Group B received isosorbide mononitrate only. The efficacy, electrocardiogram, cardiac function, and complications were compared between the two groups. Results: The efficacy of Group A was higher than that of Group B (P < 0.05). The electrocardiogram indicators of Group A were better than those of Group B (P < 0.05). The cardiac function indicators of Group A were better than those of Group B (P < 0.05). The complication rate of Group A was lower than that of Group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of isosorbide mononitrate and nicorandil in the treatment of myocardial ischemia in coronary heart disease can improve cardiac function, reduce myocardial ischemia load, and is safe and efficient.

Key Points of“Treatment Algorithm for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension” from the 7th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension and Its Impact on PAH Treatment in China

Wed, 02 Jul 2025 09:54:54 +0800

Following the 7th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension in 2024, the European Respiratory Journal published an updated treatment algorithm for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), highlighting the emerging role of the activin signal inhibitor (ASI) sotatercept, as a key therapeutic advancement. The updated plan underscores the importance of indicators such as World Health Organization (WHO) functional class and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) in risk assessment. It advocates for a personalized treatment approach based on risk stratification, encompassing both initial therapy selection and escalation strategies during follow-up. The anticipated introduction of the novel ASI sotatercept in China is expected to expand the therapeutic landscape for PAH management in the country.

A Study of Evidence-based Care Combined with Anticipatory Care in Patients Undergoing Cardiovascular Interventions

Yongqiang Sun, Qianshui Zhang, Chaofan Sun, Qinhu Zhang — Wed, 02 Jul 2025 10:36:08 +0800

Objective: To investigate the application value of evidence-based nursing combined with anticipatory nursing in patients undergoing cardiovascular intervention. Methods: 68 patients who received percutaneous coronary intervention therapy in the Department of Cardiology of a hospital between May 2024 and April 2025 were selected, and were divided into the control group and the observation group according to the nursing needs, each with 34 cases. The control group was given routine clinical care, and the observation group added evidence-based care combined with anticipatory care on this basis, comparing the pain (VAS), quality of life, incidence of adverse events, and indicators of nursing satisfaction between the two groups under different nursing programs. Results: The VAS score of patients in the observation group (4.85 ± 0.63) was lower than that of the control group (6.12 ± 0.56); the somatic function (17.67 ± 3.49), mental health (17.24 ± 5.41), and social function (20.08 ± 2.40) of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (15.48 ± 3.57), (14.55 ± 3.29), (17.08 ± 2.40), (14.55 ± 3.29), and (17.08 ± 2.40). 3.29) points, (17.89 ± 1.43) points, (P < 0.05). The complication rate of heart failure, arrhythmia, hypotension and coronary artery occlusion in patients of the observation group was 2.94%, which was significantly lower than that of 23.53% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The nursing satisfaction of patients in the observation group (97.06%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (73.53%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The implementation of evidence-based nursing combined with anticipatory nursing for cardiovascular interventional therapy patients can effectively improve their pain status, reduce the risk of complications such as heart failure, arrhythmia, hypotension, coronary artery occlusion, and thus further improve their quality of life, which has high clinical application value.