Retrospective Analysis of Coagulation Abnormalities in Patients with Different Types of M-proteinemia

Abstract

M protein (MP) is an abnormal monoclonal immunoglobulin produced by the abnormal proliferation of plasma cells or B lymphocytes which is very homogeneous in amino acid composition and sequence. Clinically, it can be seen in a variety of haematological diseases. This paper compares the coagulation indexes of patients with different types of M-proteinemia and patients with different levels of M proteins and observe the effects of different types and levels of M-proteinemia on the coagulation results. Different types of M-proteinemia were classified in 103 patients and the coagulation indexes of the patients were analyzed. Aim: To analyze the correlation between M proteins and coagulation function by analyzing the effects of different M-proteinemia patients’ serum globulin types and contents on their indicators reflecting different coagulation functions. Methods: 103 patients with an initial diagnosis of M protein abnormality were selected from the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, and the results of their coagulation, liver function, and serum protein electrophoresis were collected to compare the coagulation function between patients with different types of M-proteinemia and between patients with the same type of M-proteinemia with different levels of M proteins and to analyze the correlation between them and the content of M proteins. Results: The differences in prothrombin time (PT) and fibrinogen (FIB) between the heavy-chain group (including IgG, IgA and IgM groups) and the light-chain group were statistically significant (P < 0.05), and PT in the heavy-chain group were higher than those in the light-chain group. The difference of PT, TT and FIB between the M proteins > 30g /L group and M protein ≤ 30g/L group was statistically significant (P < 0.05), and the high M protein group PT and TT were higher than the other group while FIB was lower than the other group as there was no statistically significant difference of APTT comparing between the two groups (P > 0.05). In the M protein > 30 group, the mean values of PT and TT exceeded the upper limit of the reference interval, which had some clinical significance. Conclusion: There are some differences in the effect of different M protein types on PT and FIB results in patients with M-proteinemia, and the amount of serum M protein in patients has an effect on coagulation results.