Keywords
Published : 2026-08-14
Abstract
Objective: To describe the epidemiology of gout in people aged 20 - 54 years at global, regional, and national levels using data from the 2021 GBD study, and evaluate the impact of BMI and renal dysfunction on the burden of gout in this age group. Methods: Incidence, prevalence, and DALYs of gout were extracted from GBD 2021. Descriptive analysis was performed at global, regional, and national levels. Trends were analyzed using estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and joinpoint regression analysis. Proportional attributable fractions of risk factors (high BMI and impaired kidney function) were calculated. Results: Globally, from 1990 to 2021, the rates of incidence, prevalence, and DALYs of gout in people aged 20 - 54 years increased. Regionally, the United States, China, and East Asia had significant increases. By SDI quintiles, the highest increases in prevalence and DALYs were in the High SDI quintile, and in incidence in the High-middle SDI quintile. Males had higher values than females. The fastest increasing periods for incidence (1996 - 2004), prevalence (1996 - 2004), and DALYs (1996 - 2003) were identified. Globally in 2021, high BMI and impaired kidney function accounted for certain proportions of DALYs, with regional and national variations. Conclusion: The burden of gout in people aged 20 - 54 years has increased significantly worldwide, with differences across various factors. Prevention strategies, improved management, and further research on gout in this age group are crucial, especially regarding its relationship with high BMI and impaired renal function.
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