Clinical Neuroscience Research

Application of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Therapy in Stroke Rehabilitation

Ling Ge — 2024-12-26

Stroke has a high incidence and disability rate, posing a heavy burden on patients, families, and society. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a safe and effective rehabilitation treatment method that is increasingly being used in stroke rehabilitation therapy. This article reviews its current application status in treating various aspects such as limb swelling and spasms after stroke, explores its mechanism of action, clinical efficacy, and limitations, and provides a reference for clinical application.

Research Progress on the Composition of Cerebral Arterial Thrombus in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Xupeng Wu — 2024-12-26

Acute cerebral infarction, with a high incidence, disability, and recurrence rate, has brought a huge social burden to China and other countries. Understanding the pathological characteristics of cerebral thrombus can help in the selection of individualized treatment plans, thereby improving the good prognosis rate and reducing the recurrence rate of cerebral infarction patients. This article reviews the composition and imaging characteristics of cerebral thrombus, the relationship between cerebral thrombus composition and cerebral vascular recanalization therapy, the correlation between cerebral thrombus composition and the etiology of cerebral infarction, and the dynamic evolution of cerebral thrombus, to provide a more theoretical basis for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.

Effectiveness of a High-risk Fall Care Program based on the “Safety-support-collaboration” Model in a Neurology Department

Shuhui Zhao — 2024-12-26

Objective: To analyze the effect of the high-risk fall care program based on the “safety-support-cooperation” model in neurological profound. Methods: 80 patients who were admitted to the Department of Neurology from December 2021 to December 2023 were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, and were treated with conventional nursing care and conventional + “safety-supportive-cooperative” nursing care program for high-risk falls, respectively. The effects of the two groups were evaluated. Results: After the nursing care, the patients’ fall prevention self-management ability was stronger, and the scores of each dimension were higher, P < 0.05. After the nursing care, the fall risk of the observation group was relatively lower, P < 0.05, and the incidence rate of falls in the observation group was lower, P < 0.05. Conclusion: In the nursing care of neurological patients, based on the “safety-support-cooperation” model, it is possible to establish a high-risk fall nursing care program, which is based on “safety-support-cooperation.” Conclusion: The establishment of a high-risk fall care program based on the “safety-support-cooperation” model in the care of neurological patients can help improve patients’ self-management ability, reduce the incidence of falls, and improve patient safety.

Novel Immunotherapy Strategies for Brain Tumors

Mubashir Ahmad Khan — 2024-12-26

Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor, responsible for a poor prognosis and treatment perspective. Despite advancements in investigating novel therapeutic approaches for brain tumor and glioblastoma, there is less progress in improving patients’ survival outcomes. Several hurdles hinder effective treatment, including the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), the blood-brain barrier, and extensive heterogeneity. Despite these challenges, immunotherapies are promising and effective therapeutic breakthroughs for the therapy of brain tumor types such as gliomas. Multiple new techniques are being explored including chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, oncolytic virus, cytokine-based treatment, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and vaccine-based techniques. Finally, the present review paper aims to summarize the existing developments of microglia, neutrophils, monocyte-derived macrophages, border-associated macrophages, and potential novel therapeutic options and recent advances in immunotherapies for brain tumors.

The Effectiveness of Neurological Rehabilitation Therapy in Improving Motor Function and Daily Living Abilities in Stroke Patients with Hemiplegia

Haiyu Jia — 2024-12-26

Objective: To explore the effects of neurological rehabilitation therapy on motor function and daily living abilities in stroke patients with hemiplegia. Methods: Fifty stroke patients with hemiplegia admitted to the hospital were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 25 patients in each group. The control group received conventional rehabilitation therapy, while the observation group underwent additional neurological rehabilitation therapy. The therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups. Results: Post-treatment results showed that the observation group achieved significantly better recovery in motor function, balance ability, and daily living abilities compared to the control group, with a lower incidence of complications during the rehabilitation period. Conclusion: Adding neurological rehabilitation therapy during the rehabilitation period of stroke patients with hemiplegia can effectively enhance recovery outcomes.

Discussion on the Splitting Treatment Technique in Gamma Knife Treatment Plans

Gang Yin — 2024-12-26

Objective: In clinical Gamma Knife treatment, when patients have multiple or large lesions, a single Gamma Knife plan may require extended treatment time, making it difficult for patients to complete the session. This study explores the proper application of the splitting treatment technique in Gamma Knife treatment plans to create segmented plans for patients. Methods: Utilizing the design and output functions of the radiotherapy planning system, this study examines the typical errors in clinical treatment plans designed for the Moonlight Gamma Knife. Different splitting approaches were analyzed by comparing beam-on time for each target and calculating beam-on time error rates. Based on this, the appropriate splitting treatment technique for Gamma Knife treatment plans was discussed. Results: Scenarios where dose curves of multiple lesions intersect were categorized into three types: complete intersection, partial intersection, and no intersection. Complete intersection cases were further divided into Type I and Type II complete intersections. For cases with completely intersecting dose curves, the Gamma Knife plans should be split using the upper-lower segmentation method. For cases with no intersection, plans can be split based on individual lesions. For partial intersection cases, either the upper-lower segmentation or lesion-based segmentation method may be used. However, careful handling of target weighting at the dose curve intersection is necessary to ensure dose accuracy. For large lesions, the upper-lower segmentation method is recommended. Conclusion: To meet clinical treatment requirements, the proper application of the splitting treatment technique in Gamma Knife treatment plans is essential. This ensures dose accuracy in radiotherapy, thereby guaranteeing treatment efficacy and patient safety.

Research Progress on the Correlation between Oral Diseases and Chronic Kidney Diseases

Yuhan Shao — 2024-12-26

Objective: To review the research progress on the correlation between oral diseases and chronic kidney diseases. Methods: Recent Chinese literature on the treatment, analysis, and correlation studies of oral diseases and chronic kidney diseases was collected. A comprehensive review, analysis, induction, and organization of the literature were conducted. Results: A high correlation exists between oral diseases and chronic kidney diseases, which mutually reinforce each other. Conclusion: A deep-level association exists between oral diseases and chronic kidney diseases. Persistent inflammatory symptoms can promote the elevation of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, thereby exacerbating the development of chronic kidney diseases. Therefore, clinicians should comprehend the mechanism of interaction between oral diseases and chronic kidney diseases to foster diverse clinical thinking, improve the treatment efficacy of chronic kidney diseases, and effectively shorten disease duration.

Comparative Study on the Treatment of Schizophrenia Patients with Paliperidone and Risperidone Orally Disintegrating Tablets

Jingfang Liu — 2024-12-26

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of paliperidone and risperidone orally disintegrating tablets on schizophrenia (SCH). Methods: A total of 66 hospitalized SCH patients admitted between April 2022 and October 2023 were selected. They were randomly divided into two groups using a random number table. The study group was treated with paliperidone, while the control group was treated with risperidone orally disintegrating tablets. Differences in efficacy, symptom scores, and adverse reaction rates were compared between the two groups. Results: The overall efficacy rate in the study group was similar to that of the control group (P > 0.05). After three months of treatment, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, with the study group exhibiting lower symptom scores than the control group (P < 0.05). The adverse reaction rate in the study group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Paliperidone demonstrates therapeutic efficacy for SCH patients comparable to risperidone orally disintegrating tablets. However, paliperidone significantly improves disease symptoms and reduces medication-related side effects.

Observation on the Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Quality of Life in Patients with New-type Drug Abuse

Luyu Wu — 2024-12-26

The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on neuropsychiatric symptoms and quality of life in patients with new-type drug abuse. Methods: Sixty patients with new-type drug abuse admitted to the hospital from April 2023 to March 2024 were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group. The control group received conventional treatment, while the observation group received additional cognitive behavioral therapy. The scores of the self-rating symptom scale (SCL-90), self-rated health measurement scale (SRHMS), short-form 36 health survey (SF-36), and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results: After treatment, compared with the control group, the observation group showed significant improvements in SCL-90 scores, SRHMS scores in all dimensions, and SF-36 scores (P < 0.001). The satisfaction score of the observation group was also significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: For patients with new-type drug abuse, cognitive behavioral therapy can significantly improve psychiatric symptoms, relieve anxiety and depression, reduce hallucinations and delusions, and enhance quality of life, leading to positive changes in physical, psychological, and social functions.