Clinical Neuroscience Research

Integrating Artificial Intelligence into the Diagnosis of Neurological Diseases in Traditional Chinese Medicine

2026-07-09T17:30:52+08:00

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) uses a holistic approach and syndrome differentiation to diagnose neurological disorders. However, traditional diagnostic methods—which rely heavily on subjective clinical experience—lack objective standardization. This paper reviews the transformative application of artificial intelligence (AI) in modernizing TCM diagnostics for neurological diseases. By integrating advanced technologies such as machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and natural language processing (NLP), AI provides unprecedented objectivity and precision. Current applications demonstrate significant breakthroughs, notably in the use of deep learning to analyse extensive clinical records for automated syndrome differentiation (e.g., stroke patients) and the use of image recognition for automated tongue diagnosis. These innovations are shifting TCM from an experience-dependent paradigm to a data-driven model. Looking forward, the future of AI in TCM neurology hinges on multimodal data fusion, which integrates imaging, tongue, pulse, and clinical data to digitally reconstruct the TCM diagnostic process. Furthermore, developing explainable AI (XAI) is critical to overcoming the “black box” dilemma, thereby fostering clinician trust. The widespread deployment of these intelligent systems via cloud computing holds immense potential for grassroots healthcare, although it necessitates robust ethical and legal frameworks to ensure data privacy. Ultimately, AI significantly accelerates the scientific validation of TCM, paving the way for personalized and precision medicine in treating neurological conditions.

Intellectual Property and Copyright Protection in Grade-A Tertiary Hospitals: Current Status and Challenges

2026-07-09T17:17:19+08:00

In recent years, amidst an environment where medical promotion systems have heightened requirements for research quality, large domestic hospitals, particularly Grade-A Tertiary hospitals, have faced not only research pressures but also severe challenges regarding intellectual property and copyright protection. Effective intellectual property protection is crucial for the scientific research innovation and achievement transformation of hospitals and medical practitioners, while also influencing medical quality and industry development levels. Despite the formulation of numerous intellectual property-related laws and regulations by the state by 2024, there remains significant confusion in clinical practice regarding how to effectively apply intellectual property protection policies. Furthermore, with the diversification of medical activities, balancing patient privacy rights with intellectual property issues has become an urgent problem to solve. To delve into the importance of intellectual property protection, this article combines examples from relevant hospitals to discuss the vital role of intellectual property in medical innovation, research achievement transformation, and clinical medicine development, proposing corresponding improvement strategies. The article aims to provide references for the sustainable development of Grade-A Tertiary hospitals and promote the advancement of the medical industry.

Exploration of the Prognosis of Occupational and Recreational Therapy Combined with Psychosocial Intervention for Long-Term Hospitalized Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia

2026-07-09T17:17:20+08:00

Chronic schizophrenia is a mental illness characterized by long duration and severe functional impairment. Long-term hospitalized patients often exhibit social function deterioration, exacerbation of negative symptoms, and decreased quality of life due to isolation from the social environment and monotonous life. While medication alone can effectively improve positive symptoms, it fails to enhance social function and long-term prognosis. Occupational and recreational therapy promotes the maintenance of cognitive and behavioral abilities through structured activity training, while psychosocial intervention focuses on social adaptation and role function reshaping. The combination of these two approaches offers a new practical direction for comprehensive rehabilitation of long-term hospitalized patients with chronic schizophrenia, holding significant importance for optimizing rehabilitation strategies and improving patients’ quality of life.

Clinical Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Tirofiban Arterial Thrombolysis Combined with Sequential Intravenous Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke

2026-07-09T17:17:21+08:00

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of tirofiban arterial thrombolysis combined with sequential intravenous therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods: A total of 85 AIS patients admitted to the hospital from February 2024 to February 2026 were selected as the study subjects. They were divided into a control group (44 cases, treated with tirofiban intravenous therapy alone plus conventional therapy) and an observation group (41 cases, treated with tirofiban arterial thrombolysis combined with sequential intravenous therapy plus conventional therapy) according to the treatment regimen. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores of the two groups were compared before treatment and at 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, and 90 days after treatment. The occurrence of adverse reactions during treatment was also recorded. Results: Compared with the control group, the NIHSS scores of the observation group were lower at all time points (1 day, 3 days, 7 days, and 90 days after treatment) (all P < 0.001). At 90 days after treatment, the proportion of patients with an mRS score of 0–2 in the observation group was 78.05%, higher than that in the control group (56.82%). Meanwhile, the proportion of patients with poor prognosis and death in the observation group was 21.95%, lower than that in the control group (43.18%) (P < 0.05). During treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the observation group and the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Tirofiban arterial thrombolysis combined with sequential intravenous therapy for AIS can effectively improve neurological deficits in patients, enhance long-term prognosis, and does not increase the risk of serious adverse reactions, demonstrating high clinical safety.

Clinical Observation of Tic Disorders and Persistent Replication of Cytomegalovirus Infection

2026-07-09T17:17:22+08:00

Objective: To investigate the causal relationship between tic disorders (TD) and their behavioral problems with persistent replication of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (i.e., persistent positivity for CMV-IgM antibodies). Methods: 1. A highly specific serological micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for antibody detection, with persistent positivity for CMV-IgM antibodies as an indicator of active CMV infection and replication; 2. Serum CMV-IgM antibody tests were conducted sequentially on 96 patients with TD, their parents, and healthy individuals; 3. Follow-up CMV-IgM antibody tests were performed on children and mothers with a history of abnormal medical conditions during pregnancy and infancy; 4. CMV-IgM antibody tests were conducted on 46 patients at admission, during treatment, and after discharge to observe the relationship between changes in antibody titers and the improvement or disappearance of clinical symptoms; and treatment outcomes were compared among 18 patients with comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and 16 patients with a positive family history. Results: 1. The IgM positivity rate among children was 90.6% (87/96); the IgM positivity rate among healthy children was 17.8% (13/73), with a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01). The IgM positivity rate among fathers was 72.4% (21/29), while that among healthy males was 11.4% (4/35), showing a significant difference (P < 0.01). The IgM positivity rate among mothers was 89.9% (62/69), while that among healthy women was 15.6% (7/45), with a significant difference (P < 0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between the IgM positivity rates in the child and parent groups, which differed significantly from the IgM positivity rate in the healthy group. 2. During treatment, as the clinical manifestations of tics and behavioral problems gradually decreased or disappeared, the CMV-IgM antibody titers in patients also decreased synchronously or converted from positive to negative; 3. The cure rates in this group of TD patients, those with comorbid OCD, and those with a positive family history were 58.7% (27/46), 55.6% (10/18), and 53.3% (8/15), respectively, showing a significant positive correlation among the three groups. 4. Patients with a long disease course and complex conditions who adhered to antiviral treatment showed a gradual decrease in antibody titers or conversion from positive to negative, along with significant improvement in clinical symptoms. Conclusion: 1. Tic disorders and their behavioral problems are closely associated with active CMV infection and persistent replication; 2. CMV infection in children is closely related to infection in their parents; 3. A positive family history is a manifestation of familial aggregation due to CMV infection; 4. The timing of infection, duration, and differences in the autoimmune response in children can lead to significant variations in the pathological damage caused by viral replication to patient organs and tissues, as well as in clinical manifestations and outcomes.

Study on the Correlation between Retinal Ganglion Cell Layer Thickness Measured by OCT and the Severity of White Matter Hyperintensities in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

2026-07-09T17:17:23+08:00

Objective: To investigate the correlation between the thickness of the retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL) measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the severity of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Methods: Thirty-one patients with CSVD were selected and divided into a mild group (21 cases) and a moderate-to-severe group (10 cases) based on the severity of WMH. Additionally, 30 healthy individuals were selected as the control group. All subjects underwent 3.0T cranial MRI and OCT examinations. The severity of WMH was assessed using the Fazekas scale, and the thickness of the GCL in each quadrant, as well as the average and minimum thickness, was measured to analyze their correlation with WMH and their predictive value. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed among the three groups in terms of GCL thickness in the superior nasal, inferior nasal, inferior, and inferior temporal quadrants, as well as the average and minimum thickness (P < 0.05). The average GCL thickness showed a significant negative correlation with the Fazekas score (P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the average GCL thickness in the moderate-to-severe WMH group was significantly lower than that in the mild group (P < 0.05), and type 2 diabetes mellitus enhanced this negative correlation. The ROC curve demonstrated that after adjusting for clinical factors, the area under the curve (AUC) for predicting moderate-to-severe WMH using the average GCL thickness reached 0.83. Conclusion: The thickness of the GCL in patients with CSVD is negatively correlated with the severity of WMH, and the average GCL thickness has good predictive value for moderate-to-severe WMH. Meanwhile, OCT, as a non-invasive fundus imaging technique, can provide a new method for the early identification of CSVD and the assessment of white matter lesions.

Summary of the Best Evidence for Discharge Preparation Services in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis

2026-07-09T17:17:24+08:00

Based on the “6S” pyramid evidence model, this study systematically searched and integrated high-quality evidence such as relevant guidelines, expert consensus, systematic reviews, and clinical studies on discharge preparation services for patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) worldwide up to March 27, 2024. A total of 12 literatures were finally included, and 14 best practice recommendations were summarized, covering six key links: assessment within 24 hours of admission, in-hospital services, pre-discharge preparation, discharge-day services, post-discharge follow-up, and effect evaluation. Evidence indicates that a comprehensive assessment should be completed within 24 hours of the patient’s admission, and a multidisciplinary collaborative discharge plan should be initiated. Personalized health education and rehabilitation training should be carried out during hospitalization. Before discharge, patients’ self-management capabilities should be confirmed, and structured discharge guidance should be provided. Post-discharge continuous care should be strengthened through regular follow-up. This can effectively improve patients’ discharge readiness, reduce readmission rates, and provide an evidence-based basis for medical staff to systematically implement discharge preparation services for MG patients and ensure the safety of the transition period.

Microaspiration Risk Management in Neurocritical Care Patients with Artificial Airways: Clinical Practice and Outcomes

2026-07-09T17:17:24+08:00

Objective: To explore the clinical application effects of constructing and implementing a microaspiration risk management protocol for neurocritical care patients with artificial airways, providing a reference for reducing microaspiration and aspiration pneumonia incidence. Methods: Patients with artificial airways admitted to neurocritical care-related departments of a hospital from July 2024 to March 2025 were selected as study subjects. A multidisciplinary collaborative team was established to construct a microaspiration risk management system based on evidence-based medicine. Through current situation investigation and analysis of major barrier factors, comprehensive intervention strategies were implemented, including development of a microaspiration risk assessment scale, modified suction depth guidelines, intelligent cuff pressure monitoring, and gastrointestinal management protocols. The volume of subglottic secretion clearance, microaspiration incidence, and aspiration pneumonia incidence were compared before and after the intervention. Results: After implementing the risk management protocol, the volume of subglottic secretion clearance increased from (85.26±13.58) ml to (146.82±21.33) ml; microaspiration incidence decreased from 58.89% to 31.17%; and aspiration pneumonia incidence decreased from 40.77% to 14.72%. All differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: The evidence-based microaspiration risk management protocol for neurocritical care patients with artificial airways can effectively clear airway secretions, reduce microaspiration and aspiration pneumonia incidence, improve patient prognosis, and has high clinical application value.

Depression Prediction Based on Graph Neural Networks

2026-07-09T17:17:25+08:00

Depression, as a highly prevalent mental disorder, is traditionally diagnosed using subjective scale-based assessments, which suffer from limitations such as insufficient objectivity and delayed early warning. With the widespread adoption of electronic health records and the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence technologies, data-driven approaches for depression prediction have become a major research focus. This paper systematically reviews the evolution of depression prediction methods, spanning from traditional assessment scales to machine learning and further to deep learning techniques. The paper places particular emphasis on the current applications and unique advantages of graph neural networks (GNNs) in this domain. Existing studies indicate that GNNs can effectively model complex relationships among patient features, thereby improving predictive performance while enhancing model interpretability and offering a novel technical pathway for early detection of depression. However, several challenges remain, including the lack of standardized graph construction methods, issues related to data privacy and quality, and insufficient model generalizability. Future research is expected to focus on constructing multi-center graph datasets, developing interpretable GNN models, and promoting their practical application in public health screening, ultimately advancing mental health services toward a “data-driven and proactive prevention” paradigm.

Study on the Correlation between the Levels of LPS and LBP in Feces and Plasma and Neurological Function in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

2026-07-09T17:17:26+08:00

Objective: To analyze the correlation between the levels of LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) and LBP (Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein) in feces and plasma and neurological function in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods: Thirty patients with PD (PD group) who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were treated at the neurology outpatient clinic/inpatient department of Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital from March 2025 to December 2025 were selected. Thirty age- and gender-matched healthy individuals who underwent health screenings during the same period were selected as the healthy control group (HC group). The levels of LPS and LBP in feces and plasma were compared between the two groups. Results: After testing, the levels of LPS and LBP in feces and plasma of the PD group were significantly higher than those of the HC group. Among PD patients, the levels of LPS in feces of patients in stages III-V were significantly higher than those in stages I-II. The levels of LPS in the plasma of patients in stages III-V were significantly higher than those in stages I-II. The levels of LBP in feces and plasma of patients in stages III-V were significantly higher than those in stages I-II. There was a positive correlation between the levels of LPS in feces and the UPDRS (Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale) scores in PD patients (r=0.68, P<0.01). There was a positive correlation between the levels of LPS in plasma and the UPDRS scores (r=0.72, P<0.01). There was a positive correlation between the levels of LBP in feces and the UPDRS scores in PD patients (r=0.65, P<0.01). There was a positive correlation between the levels of LBP in plasma and the UPDRS scores (r=0.70, P<0.01). Conclusion: The levels of LPS and LBP in feces and plasma can serve as important indicators for evaluating patients with PD, and there is a positive correlation between these levels and neurological function in PD patients.

Clinical Study on the Treatment of Dysarthria After Stroke Using Tongguan Liqiao Acupuncture Combined with Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation

2026-07-09T17:17:27+08:00

Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy and advantages of Tongguan Liqiao acupuncture combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation in the treatment of dysarthria after stroke. Methods: A randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical trial design was adopted, involving 60 patients with dysarthria after stroke who were randomly divided into a control group (neuromuscular electrical stimulation treatment, 30 cases) and a treatment group (Tongguan Liqiao acupuncture added to the control group treatment, 30 cases). Both groups received treatment once daily, five times a week, for four consecutive weeks. The primary efficacy indicators were the Modified Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment Scale score and speech intelligibility, while the secondary indicator was the Activity of Daily Living (ADL) score. Evaluations were conducted before treatment, at 2 weeks of treatment, at 4 weeks of treatment, and during a follow-up visit 3 months after treatment. Results: After treatment, both groups showed significant improvements in the Modified Frenchay score, speech intelligibility, and ADL score compared to before treatment (P<0.05). At 4 weeks of treatment, the Modified Frenchay score in the treatment group was (24.3±2.1) points, significantly higher than that in the control group (20.5±2.4) points (P<0.01); speech intelligibility in the treatment group was (82.6±5.3)%, significantly higher than that in the control group (71.4±6.1)% (P<0.01). The total effective rate in the treatment group was 86.7%, higher than that in the control group (60.0%) (P<0.05). During the 3-month follow-up, the efficacy in the treatment group remained stably superior to that in the control group. No serious adverse reactions occurred in either group. Conclusion: Tongguan Liqiao acupuncture combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation can significantly improve speech function and quality of life in patients with dysarthria after stroke, with superior efficacy to neuromuscular electrical stimulation alone and good safety, demonstrating good clinical application and promotion value.

Research Progress on the Antioxidative Stress Effects of Astragalus Active Components and DJ-1 in Multiple Sclerosis

2026-07-09T17:17:28+08:00

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease primarily affecting the white matter of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by pathological changes of chronic multiple inflammatory demyelination. Its clinical manifestations alternate between relapses and remissions, showing a stepwise progressive development, which can lead to oligodendrocyte death, axonal disintegration, and ultimately neuronal loss, resulting in irreversible damage to neurological functions. In the early stage of onset, inflammatory responses cause excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), disrupting the dynamic balance of intracellular oxidative-antioxidative systems and triggering reactions in the central nervous system. The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model is a classic animal model for multiple sclerosis. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), MS falls into the categories of “flaccidity syndrome” and “arthralgia syndrome.” During the acute phase, the therapeutic principle focuses on eliminating pathogenic factors while supporting healthy qi; in the remission phase, the treatment emphasizes tonifying healthy qi and replenishing qi. Astragalus membranaceus, a commonly used and popular qi-tonifying herb in TCM clinical practice, possesses the effects of tonifying qi to consolidate healthy qi, replenishing qi and lifting yang, strengthening the defensive exterior to consolidate the superficial resistance, and promoting tissue regeneration to heal ulcers. The DJ-1 protein has antioxidative stress ability and potential crosstalk and synergistic relationships with Astragalus membranaceus in antioxidative stress and immune regulation. Therefore, both may become new targets for the prevention and treatment of multiple sclerosis in clinical practice. By consulting relevant literatures published from 2013 to 2025 in databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, VIP, and PubMed, this paper reviews the research progress of Astragalus membranaceus and its active components in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.

Subthalamic Nucleus Subdivision‑Targeted DBS for Brainstem Neural Remodeling and Long‑Term Rehabilitation Follow‑up in Parkinson’s Disease with Refractory Dysphagia

2026-07-09T17:17:29+08:00

Objective: To investigate the differential efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting distinct subthalamic nucleus (STN) subdivisions on Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients with refractory dysphagia, and to elucidate the potential remodeling mechanisms of brainstem swallowing-related nuclei. Methods: Seventy-six PD patients with dysphagia admitted between March 2020 and March 2023 were enrolled and randomly assigned to the sensorimotor subdivision group (n=38) or the limbic-associative subdivision group (n=38). Swallowing function was assessed preoperatively and at 12 and 24 months postoperatively using videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS), high-resolution manometry, and the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS). Tongue pressure and superior laryngeal nerve evoked potentials were also recorded. Results: At 24 months postoperatively, the PAS score in the sensorimotor group decreased from 5.89±1.12 preoperatively to 2.34±0.78 (P<0.01), which was significantly better than that in the limbic-associative group (4.12±0.95). VFSS revealed a 42.3% increase in laryngeal elevation amplitude and a 38.6% reduction in pharyngeal transit time following sensorimotor subdivision stimulation. Evoked potentials showed a 29.4% shortening of latency in the nucleus tractus solitarius, indicating enhanced excitability of brainstem swallowing interneurons. Conclusion: Precise targeting of the STN sensorimotor subdivision via DBS achieves long-term swallowing function remodeling by upregulating brainstem swallowing center excitability, offering a novel surgical strategy for PD-related dysphagia.

Alzheimer’s Disease: The Pathogenic Mechanism of β-amyloid Protein Deposition and Plaque Formation

2026-07-09T17:17:30+08:00

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common chronic neurodegenerative disorder with a complex pathogenesis. The progression of AD is closely related to the dysregulation of gene expressions such as β-amyloid precursor protein, presenilin 1, and presenilin 2. The core pathogenic mechanisms mainly involve two key pathways: abnormal deposition of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) in the brain, forming senile plaques, and excessive phosphorylation of Tau protein, inducing neurofibrillary tangles. Together, these two factors lead to neuronal damage and necrosis, as well as atrophy of brain tissue structure, ultimately resulting in cognitive decline in patients. This article focuses on the core dimension of β-amyloid deposition and plaque formation in the core pathogenic mechanism of AD and systematically elaborates on it, while also considering the pathogenic role of abnormal Tau protein. Firstly, Aβ is a peptide fragment composed of 39 to 43 amino acid residues produced by the hydrolysis of amyloid precursor protein by β-secretase, which is the main component of senile plaques in AD. Aβ42 is prone to form neuronal plaques, while Aβ40 tends to deposit in the cerebral vessels. Abnormal accumulation can cause significant neurotoxicity. Secondly, the pathogenic mechanism is analyzed. Due to the imbalance between Aβ production and its clearance, it accumulates abnormally in brain regions related to memory and cognition, such as the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, forming plaques. This disrupts neuronal signal transmission, damages synaptic functions, and triggers inflammatory responses, accelerating nerve damage. Moreover, insufficient sleep reduces the efficiency of Aβ clearance and increases the risk of deposition. Additionally, treatment directions such as inhibiting ubiquitin-binding enzyme UBE2N and applying Aβ-targeted clearance drugs, as well as the application value of serum Aβ as an early peripheral biomarker, are discussed. The principles, classifications, and application scenarios of two core detection techniques, namely enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and APOE genotyping, are elaborated. At the same time, the pathogenic mechanism of Tau protein over-phosphorylation, losing normal function, aggregating to form neurofibrillary tangles, and subsequently destroying the neuronal transport system, leading to cell death, is also explained. This provides theoretical support and practical references for the early risk assessment of AD, deepening exploration of its pathological mechanism, and the development of targeted treatment plans.

Advances in Regional Anesthesia for Modern Perioperative Pain Management

2026-07-09T17:17:30+08:00

Perioperative pain management has shifted from opioid-centered rescue analgesia toward multimodal, opioid-sparing strategies that support early rehabilitation. Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia remains useful, but it cannot fully prevent early breakthrough pain and is limited by opioid-related adverse effects. Regional anesthesia, including peripheral nerve and fascial plane blocks, provides procedure-specific analgesia with reduced systemic drug exposure. The wider adoption of ultrasound guidance, long-acting local anesthetic formulations, selected adjuvants, and continuous perineural infusion has expanded the role of regional techniques in enhanced recovery pathways. This review summarizes the rationale, technical advances, procedure-specific applications, and implementation challenges of regional anesthesia in modern perioperative analgesia. Emphasis is placed on sensory-motor balance, patient selection, geriatric and critically ill populations, nerve injury surveillance, prevention of local anesthetic systemic toxicity, and data-driven pain assessment. Standardized training, structured outcome monitoring, and information-supported decision-making are needed to translate regional anesthesia into consistent and safe perioperative outcomes.

Nursing Observation in Phase I Clinical Trial of Neural Stem Cell Transplantation for the Treatment of Ischemic Brain Injury

2026-07-09T17:17:31+08:00

Objective: To summarize the nursing priorities and intervention measures in the Phase I clinical trial of neural stem cell transplantation for the treatment of ischemic brain injury, providing a reference for clinical perioperative nursing practice. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical nursing data of nine patients with ischemic brain injury who underwent intracranial stereotactic neural stem cell transplantation in the neurosurgery department of the hospital from January 2025 to June 2025. Comprehensive and meticulous perioperative nursing was implemented, covering preoperative condition assessment, psychological intervention, preoperative preparation, intraoperative positioning management, vital sign monitoring, surgical coordination, postoperative positioning care, multi-indicator dynamic monitoring, complication prevention and control, medication management, and individualized early rehabilitation guidance. The completion of the surgery, the occurrence of complications, and the improvement in the patients’ consciousness, limb function, neurological function, and activities of daily living (ADL) were observed and compared before surgery and 1–6 months after surgery. Results: All nine patients successfully completed the surgery. Postoperatively, two patients developed mild intracranial edema, and one patient experienced bleeding at the puncture site; all recovered after symptomatic nursing, with no serious complications occurring, and the overall complication rate was 30.0%. Within 24 hours after surgery, the vital signs of all patients stabilized; six patients regained consciousness within 3 hours after surgery, and three patients regained clear consciousness within 5 hours after surgery. One month after surgery, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores of the patients were significantly lower than those before surgery, while the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, limb muscle strength scores, and Barthel Index scores were significantly higher than those before surgery, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). During the period of immunosuppressant application after surgery, no obvious adverse drug reactions occurred, and the patients tolerated the medications well. Conclusion: For patients with ischemic brain injury treated with neural stem cell transplantation, implementing comprehensive and meticulous perioperative nursing interventions can effectively ensure the smooth implementation of surgery, reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, promote the recovery of consciousness, limb, and neurological function, and improve ADL, which has important clinical value in improving the treatment effect and prognosis of patients.

Effect of Problem-based Learning in Training of Cerebrovascular Disease in the Department of Geriatrics

2026-07-09T17:17:32+08:00

Objective: To evaluate the practical teaching effect of problem-based learning (PBL) in the standardized residency training for cerebrovascular diseases in geriatrics. Methods: From January 2020 to December 2024, a total of 80 residents and postgraduates in the Department of Geriatrics of the hospital were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups, with 40 cases in each. The control group received conventional lecture‑based teaching, while the observation group received problem‑based teaching centered on real‑life elderly cerebrovascular cases; both groups underwent an 18‑month training period, after which their theoretical examination scores and clinical thinking abilities were assessed. Results: The scores of theoretical examination and clinical thinking ability in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The problem‑based teaching method can effectively improve the theoretical mastery and clinical thinking level of geriatric trainees, and thus deserves wider promotion.

Teaching Practice of Ultrasound-guided Nerve Block in Anesthesiologist Training

2026-07-09T17:17:33+08:00

Objective: To evaluate the teaching effectiveness and clinical application value of ultrasound‑guided nerve block technology in the standardized residency training of anesthesia residents. Methods: A total of 80 physicians from the Department of Anesthesiology of the hospital from January 2020 to December 2024 were randomly divided into a control group (40 cases, traditional blind nerve block teaching) and an observation group (40 cases, a trinity teaching system of model training, theoretical instruction, and real‑practice ultrasound‑guided nerve block), with an 18‑month training period for both groups, and the differences in operational skills, complication recognition accuracy, and clinical competence were compared between the two groups. Results: The scores of operational skills and clinical competence, as well as the accuracy of complication identification, were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05); the first‑attempt puncture success rate was 92.50% in the observation group, which was markedly higher than 67.50% in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The ultrasound‑guided nerve block teaching system is effective in improving residents’ procedural precision and safety awareness, and thus warrants wider promotion in anesthesia residency training.