Clinical Neuroscience Research

Research Progress on the Treatment of Depression with Chinese Herbal Medicine

2025-07-17T12:03:06+08:00

Depression is a common affective disorder characterized by significant and persistent low mood. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) attributes depression to emotional disturbances, classifying it as a mood disorder. Chinese herbal formulas have unique advantages and higher safety profiles in treating depression, despite challenges such as complexity in herb combinations, varying efficacy, and potential side effects. Currently, Chinese patent medicines and decoctions are widely used in the clinical treatment of depression, yielding positive results. This article summarizes recent research on the pharmacological effects of Chinese herbal formulas and single herbs with antidepressant properties, analyzing them from three aspects: chemical composition, pharmacological mechanism, and adverse reactions. The aim is to provide references for the clinical application of Chinese herbal formulas in treating depression and to suggest directions for future research.

Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effect of Cerebrospinal Fluid Replacement in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Study on the Endpoint of Replacement Volume

2025-07-17T12:03:04+08:00

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) replacement in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and analyze the endpoint of replacement volume. Methods: 36 patients with spontaneous or traumatic SAH and intracerebral hemorrhage breaking into the subarachnoid space received by the hospital from August 2024 to April 2025 were selected. Different volumes of CSF were replaced with routine operation, and the clinical efficacy was analyzed. Results: All 36 patients were effective without any complications. In terms of replacement volume, the patients in the clear CSF replacement group had a greater decrease in VAS scores immediately and at 48 hours, and their symptom relief was more significant. The difference was statistically significant by t-test. Regarding the average frequency of CSF replacement, the control group had a higher average frequency than the clear group, but there was no statistical difference by the rank sum test. Conclusion: CSF replacement therapy can effectively improve clinical symptoms in patients with SAH. In terms of replacement volume, patients in the clear CSF replacement group had a greater decrease in VAS scores immediately and at 48 hours, with more significant symptom relief. Therefore, CSF replacement should be thorough, has high safety, and is worthy of clinical promotion.

Study on the Clinical Effect and Safety of Ginkgo Dipyridamole Injection Combined with Hyperbaric Oxygen in the Treatment of Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

2025-07-17T12:03:19+08:00

Objective: To analyze the effect of combining Ginkgo Dipyridamole Injection with hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of patients with ischemic optic neuropathy, and to study the safety of this combined therapy. Methods: Sixty eligible patients were selected from the hospital as samples, with a fixed time period and randomized grouping. The control group received only Ginkgo Dipyridamole Injection as a therapeutic intervention, while the observation group received hyperbaric oxygen therapy in addition to Ginkgo Dipyridamole Injection. The effects of different treatment regimens were compared and analyzed. Results: The effective rate of treatment in the observation group was higher than that in the control group. After treatment, there were significant changes in visual field-related indicators compared to before treatment. In addition to a higher MS index in the observation group than in the control group, LV and MD indicators were lower in the observation group. The differences mentioned above were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Combining Ginkgo Dipyridamole Injection with hyperbaric oxygen can help patients with ischemic optic neuropathy achieve better treatment outcomes. Patients’ visual fields improved significantly after combined therapy, highlighting the effectiveness of this treatment approach. The safety of the combined therapy can be guaranteed, demonstrating the significant value of this treatment plan.

Application of De-escalation Techniques in Intervening Violent Behaviors of Mental Disorder Patients in Outpatient Clinics

2025-07-17T12:03:17+08:00

Objective: To analyze the impact of de-escalation techniques in reducing violent behaviors in the nursing management of mental disorder patients in outpatient clinics. Methods: A total of 214 mental disorder patients who visited the clinic from June 2024 to November 2024 were selected as samples. 107 patients admitted from June to August were assigned to the control group, and 107 patients admitted from September to November were assigned to the study group. The study group received de-escalation intervention, while the control group received routine intervention. Both groups were evaluated using the Chinese version of the Brøset Violence Checklist (BVC) to compare the incidence of violent attack behaviors, BVC risk proportion, and the satisfaction of escort unit staff towards outpatient clinic staff before and after intervention. Results: The incidence of violent attack behaviors in the study group was lower than that in the control group, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). There was no difference in BVC risk level between the study group before intervention and the control group (P > 0.05). The BVC risk level in the study group after intervention was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The BVC risk level in the study group after intervention was lower than that before intervention (P < 0.05). The satisfaction of the escort unit staff in the study group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The application of de-escalation techniques in the nursing management of mental disorder patients in outpatient clinics, combined with targeted management based on BVC assessment, can effectively reduce violent behaviors and lower the risk of violence occurrence.

Comparative Study on the Post-treatment Stability of Impacted Wisdom Tooth Extraction and Non-extraction Orthodontics in Different Age Groups

2025-07-17T12:03:15+08:00

Objective: To analyze the post-treatment stability of impacted wisdom tooth extraction and non-extraction orthodontics in different age groups. Methods: 83 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment in the hospital from January 2021 to June 2024 were selected as the study subjects. All patients received orthodontic treatment with the straight wire appliance technique. They were divided into groups according to whether they received a tooth extraction. The control group (n=39) did not undergo impacted tooth extraction, while the observation group (n=44) underwent impacted tooth extraction. The PAR index, changes in inflammatory response factors PGE2, IL-6, and TNF-α, and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results: Before treatment, there was no difference in the PAR index between the two groups (P>0.05). However, after nearly 2.5 years of follow-up orthodontic treatment, there was a significant difference (P<0.05), with the observation group having a lower PAR index than the control group. Before treatment, P>0.05 for both groups. Within 7 days after tooth extraction, the levels of PGE2, IL-6, and TNF-α in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). After nearly 2.5 years of follow-up treatment, the incidence of complications was found to be lower in the observation group. Conclusion: For patients with impacted wisdom teeth, orthodontic treatment after tooth extraction can maintain the teeth in normal dentition, adjust the relationship between the upper and lower jaws, improve occlusion function, and reduce the rebound phenomenon and complications after orthodontic surgery.

A Real-world Study of the Adverse Effects of Tizanidine Based on Mining the FAERS Database

2025-07-17T12:03:11+08:00

Objective: Tizanidine is a medication commonly used to relieve muscle spasms and has a wide range of clinical applications. However, as its use has increased, reports of related adverse reactions have also risen. In-depth analysis of tizanidine’s adverse reaction patterns and potential safety risks through data mining is of great significance for guiding clinical decision-making and patient management. Methods: This study is based on the FAERS database, retrieving data from 2004 Q1 to 2025 Q1. The primary suspect drug was grouped, and the proportional imbalance method (ROR method) was used for signal detection of adverse drug events. Results: The adverse reactions of tizanidine are diverse and involve multiple systems, with nervous system diseases being the most common type of adverse event, accounting for 16.18% of the total reports. The proportion of adverse events reported by female and elderly patients is relatively high, and in terms of the outcome of adverse events, the proportion of hospitalizations is high, accounting for 30.31%, indicating a significant likelihood that tizanidine’s adverse events require hospitalization. Additionally, hypotension, drowsiness, drug ineffectiveness, and completed suicide are common adverse events, suggesting that the medication can cause significant central nervous system, cardiovascular, and mental health-related issues during its use. Signal mining using the ROR method shows high ROR values for adverse events such as potassium-losing nephropathy and decerebrate rigidity, indicating a potential causal relationship with tizanidine usage. Furthermore, the median time to the occurrence of adverse events after administration is 3 days, revealing that tizanidine-related adverse events often manifest shortly after administration, particularly within the first few days. Conclusion: The potential adverse reactions of tizanidine in clinical use, particularly those related to the nervous system, mental health, and cardiovascular aspects, warrant significant attention. Enhanced drug safety monitoring, especially individualized treatment and close monitoring in high-risk patient groups, can maximize the safety of medication use.

Analysis of the Therapeutic Effect of Intra-Arterial Thrombolysis for Acute Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

2025-07-17T12:03:14+08:00

Objective: This study aims to investigate the clinical efficacy of intra-arterial thrombolysis (IAT) in the treatment of acute central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and to provide evidence for optimizing treatment strategies. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 29 CRAO patients treated between January 2024 and December 2024. Among them, 18 patients received intra-arterial thrombolysis, 6 patients received intravenous thrombolysis, and 5 patients received conventional treatment. Baseline characteristics, visual acuity recovery, and complication rates were compared among the three groups. SPSS 26.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The improvement in visual acuity at 24 hours in the intra-arterial thrombolysis group (ΔLogMAR=1.4) was significantly better than that in the intravenous tPA group (ΔLogMAR=1.2) and the conservative treatment group (ΔLogMAR=0.5). The most significant improvement in visual acuity at 30 days postoperatively was observed in the intra-arterial thrombolysis group (ΔLogMAR=1.2 ± 0.4), which was significantly better than that in the intravenous tPA group (ΔLogMAR=0.8 ± 0.3) and the conservative treatment group (ΔLogMAR=0.3 ± 0.2) (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in complication rates among the three groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study confirms that intra-arterial thrombolysis can effectively improve visual function and retinal blood perfusion in CRAO patients with good safety, providing a new evidence-based approach for clinical treatment. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to further validate its long-term efficacy.

The Impact of Residual Inflammatory Risk and Leukocytosis on Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

2025-07-17T12:03:08+08:00

Objective: To investigate the impact of residual inflammatory risk (RIR) and leukocytosis on post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 300 AIS patients admitted between January 2022 and December 2025. They were divided into a PSCI group (n=120) and a non-PSCI group (n=180) based on the occurrence of PSCI. Inflammatory markers such as white blood cell count (WBC), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and NLR were measured to evaluate RIR. Multifactor logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between RIR, leukocytosis, and PSCI. Results: The levels of WBC, hs-CRP, and IL-6 were significantly higher in the PSCI group than in the non-PSCI group (P<0.05). Multifactor regression analysis showed that leukocytosis (OR=2.45, 95%CI: 1.62–3.71), RIR (OR=3.12, 95%CI: 1.98–4.92), age ≥65 years (OR=3.113, P=0.001), and NIHSS ≥6 were independent risk factors for PSCI. Among them, hs-CRP had the highest diagnostic value, followed by WBC. Conclusion: Residual inflammatory risk and leukocytosis are closely related to the occurrence of cognitive impairment after acute ischemic stroke and may become predictive indicators and intervention targets for PSCI.

Clinical Study of 60 Cases of Deep Cervical Lymphatic-Venous Anastomosis for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

2025-07-17T12:03:21+08:00

Objective: To analyze the therapeutic effect of deep cervical lymphatic-venous anastomosis (LVA) on Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: 120 patients with AD who were admitted to the hospital between December 2022 to December 2024 were selected and randomly divided into two groups using a random number table. The experimental group received LVA treatment, while the control group received transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with medication. The total effective rate, cognitive function score, language expression, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and adverse reaction rate were compared between the two groups. Results: The total effective rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. The cognitive function score and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of the experimental group after treatment were better than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The adverse reaction rate in the experimental group was similar to that in the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: LVA can improve the clinical efficacy of patients with AD, enhance their cognitive function and language expression, regulate the level of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and has high surgical safety.

Application Status and Prospect of Craniocerebral Ultrasound in Neurodevelopment of Premature Infants

2025-07-17T12:03:10+08:00

The purpose of this paper is to review the current status and future direction of the application of Cranial Ultrasonography (CUS) in the monitoring of brain development in preterm infants. A systematic search of the relevant literature and a comprehensive analysis of the data in these literatures indicate that CUS can provide real-time information about the structural and hemodynamic changes in the brain of preterm infants, which can help to identify neurodevelopmental abnormalities at an early stage, and that the application of new technologies, such as ultrasound elastography, ultrasound microfluidics, and ultrasonography, has further enhanced the assessment capability of CUS. Although the use of artificial intelligence algorithms such as deep learning in monitoring the neurodevelopment of preterm infants is still in its early stages, its promising future in clinical applications is of far-reaching significance. The monitoring of brain development of preterm infants by CUS is effective and accurate, providing more accurate brain development monitoring and more effective treatment programs for preterm infants.