Comparative Study on the Post-treatment Stability of Impacted Wisdom Tooth Extraction and Non-extraction Orthodontics in Different Age Groups

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the post-treatment stability of impacted wisdom tooth extraction and non-extraction orthodontics in different age groups. Methods: 83 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment in the hospital from January 2021 to June 2024 were selected as the study subjects. All patients received orthodontic treatment with the straight wire appliance technique. They were divided into groups according to whether they received a tooth extraction. The control group (n=39) did not undergo impacted tooth extraction, while the observation group (n=44) underwent impacted tooth extraction. The PAR index, changes in inflammatory response factors PGE2, IL-6, and TNF-α, and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results: Before treatment, there was no difference in the PAR index between the two groups (P>0.05). However, after nearly 2.5 years of follow-up orthodontic treatment, there was a significant difference (P<0.05), with the observation group having a lower PAR index than the control group. Before treatment, P>0.05 for both groups. Within 7 days after tooth extraction, the levels of PGE2, IL-6, and TNF-α in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). After nearly 2.5 years of follow-up treatment, the incidence of complications was found to be lower in the observation group. Conclusion: For patients with impacted wisdom teeth, orthodontic treatment after tooth extraction can maintain the teeth in normal dentition, adjust the relationship between the upper and lower jaws, improve occlusion function, and reduce the rebound phenomenon and complications after orthodontic surgery.