Advances in Obstetrics and Gynecology Research

Research and Application of Continuous Inverted U-shaped Suture Technique in Skin Suture of Cesarean Section

2026-06-15T10:35:14+08:00

Objective: To explore the clinical effect of the continuous inverted U-shaped suture technique in skin wound suture during cesarean section. Methods: A total of 600 pregnant women who underwent cesarean section in our hospital from June 2024 to March 2026 were selected and randomly divided into a control group (n = 300) and a modified group (n = 300). The control group received an interrupted subcutaneous fat suture with 2/0 absorbable suture and a continuous intradermal suture with 4/0 synthetic absorbable suture; the modified group received an interrupted subcutaneous fat suture with 2/0 absorbable suture and a continuous inverted U-shaped suture with 4/0 synthetic absorbable suture. The postoperative incision evenness, Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) score, incidence of subcutaneous nodules, complications, and maternal satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results: The excellent and good rate of postoperative incision evenness in the modified group (98.0%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (85.3%). The VSS score [(1.2 ± 0.4) points vs (2.8 ± 0.7) points] and the incidence of subcutaneous nodules (0.7% vs 8.3%) in the modified group were significantly lower than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence of complications such as incision infection and fat liquefaction between the two groups (P > 0.05). Maternal satisfaction in the modified group (98.7%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (89.0%). Conclusion: The continuous inverted U-shaped suture technique can effectively improve the alignment and evenness of skin incisions in cesarean section, reduce scar hyperplasia and subcutaneous nodule formation, and offer better cosmetic results and patient satisfaction, making it worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Joint Trajectories of Depression, Anxiety, and Sleep Quality During Pregnancy and Their Risk Factors: A Prospective Longitudinal Study

2026-06-03T14:48:18+08:00

Objective: This study aimed to describe the joint trajectories of depression, anxiety, and sleep quality during pregnancy, identify at-risk trajectory populations, and identify their predictable risk factors. Methods: The sample consisted of 146 pregnant women who completed the pregnancy follow-up. Data were collected at four gestational time points. Parallel process latent class growth analysis (PP-LCGA) was employed to identify the synchronous trajectory patterns of depression, anxiety, and sleep quality. Multiple logistic regression models determined the risk factors associated with individuals exhibiting these vulnerable trajectories. Results: Three trajectories related to changes in depression, anxiety, and sleep quality during pregnancy were identified as follows: the stable asymptomatic group (34.2%), the general health group (43.8%), and the joint symptoms group (21.9%). The predictors of the joint symptoms group trajectory included abortion experience (OR = 2.366, 95% CI [1.153;4.856]), lower back pain during pregnancy (OR = 3.286, 95% CI [1.296;8.331]), and the impact of pregnancy on daily life (OR = 5.619, 95% CI [1.843;17.128]). Conclusions: There is heterogeneity in the trajectories of depression, anxiety, and sleep quality during pregnancy. Previous miscarriage, low back pain in the first trimester, and the impact of pregnancy on life were predictors in the combined trajectory group.

Analysis of Etiological Distribution and Clinical Therapeutic Effects in Children with Respiratory Tract Infections in Pediatric Outpatient Departments of Primary Hospitals

2026-06-15T10:43:31+08:00

Objective: To analyze the etiological distribution characteristics and clinical therapeutic effects in children with respiratory tract infections (ARI) in pediatric outpatient departments of primary hospitals. Methods: A total of 60 children with ARI treated in the pediatric outpatient department of a primary hospital from July 2022 to July 2025 were selected to analyze their etiological distribution characteristics and clinical therapeutic effects. Results: The positive rate of serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) in children with ARI was 78.33% (47/60), with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) accounting for the highest proportion at 31.91% (15/47). The detection rate of influenza B virus (INFB) was higher in children aged 3–7 years old than in other age groups, while the detection rate of adenovirus (ADV) was higher in children under 1 year old than in other age groups (P < 0.05). The detection rates of MP, INFB, influenza A virus (INFA), and parainfluenza virus (PIV) varied among different seasons (P < 0.05). After symptomatic treatment, the disease symptom scores of the children were lower than before treatment, and their pulmonary function indicators were better than before treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The etiological distribution of children with respiratory tract infections in pediatric outpatient departments of primary hospitals is dominated by MP, with differences in etiological distribution characteristics among different age groups and seasons. After symptomatic treatment, the clinical symptoms of the children are effectively relieved, and their pulmonary function indicators are significantly improved, indicating a favorable therapeutic effect.

Clinical Study on the Integrated Treatment of Adenomyosis without Fertility Requirements Using High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Combined with Sequential Drug Therapy and Long-Term Standardized Management

2026-06-15T10:52:15+08:00

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy, long-term control, and safety of an integrated treatment approach for adenomyosis without fertility requirements, incorporating MRI-based classification, GnRH-a pretreatment, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation (Haifu Knife), sequential maintenance with Mirena/Dienogest, combined with close follow-up every 3 months and multiple supplemental treatments every 6–12 months. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 136 patients with adenomyosis without fertility requirements admitted to the gynecology department of our hospital from January 2019 to December 2025. Patients were stratified based on MRI classification, clinical symptoms, and the presence of adenomyoma: Those with simple adenomyosis and menorrhagia received GnRH-a + HIFU + Mirena; those with adenomyoma and severe dysmenorrhea received GnRH-a + HIFU + Dienogest. All patients underwent routine follow-up every 3 months post-treatment, with HIFU supplemental ablation performed every 6-12 months for residual or recurrent lesions, accompanied by long-term drug management. Dysmenorrhea VAS scores, menstrual volume, uterine volume, clinical efficacy, recurrence rate, and complications were observed before and after treatment. Results: All 136 patients completed treatment and standardized follow-up, achieving an overall clinical efficacy rate of 88.2%, with dysmenorrhea relief in 89.7%, menstrual volume improvement in 87.5%, and a mean uterine volume reduction of 32.6%. The median follow-up period was 24 months, with an overall recurrence rate of 11.8%. Recurrent cases were effectively controlled through multiple HIFU supplemental treatments without severe complications. Conclusion: For patients with adenomyosis without fertility requirements, the integrated management approach combining MRI-guided GnRH-a + HIFU + Mirena/Dienogest sequential therapy, frequent close follow-up, multiple supplemental ablations, and long-term drug maintenance significantly improves clinical symptoms, reduces uterine volume, and lowers recurrence risk. This approach is stable, safe, non-invasive, and aligns with the principles of standardized and individualized conservative treatment for adenomyosis, offering a new standardized uterine-preserving treatment paradigm for patients without fertility requirements.

Clinical Analysis of Cervical HSIL with Poorly Differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinoma Metastatic to the Ovary

2026-06-15T10:57:36+08:00

History summary: A 64-year-old female patient presented with a three-month history of right lower abdominal pain. Ultrasound examination revealed a mass measuring approximately 5 cm × 4 cm × 4 cm in the right adnexal region, which was movable with slight tenderness. The ultrasound suggested a cystic-like mass in the right adnexal region, and “pelvic mass” was considered. Family history: The patient’s mother died of “ovarian cancer” (specific pathological type unknown), and her sister was diagnosed with “breast cancer” (positive for BRCA1 gene testing). Symptoms and signs: The patient experienced dull pain in the right lower abdomen accompanied by a slight sensation of fullness in the lower abdomen. On bimanual examination, a mass measuring approximately 5 cm × 4 cm × 4 cm was palpable in the right adnexal region, which was movable with slight tenderness. Diagnostic methods: Ultrasound suggested a cystic-like mass in the right adnexal region. CT examination revealed a low-density mass in the right adnexal region with slight thickening of the adjacent intestinal wall, suggesting an ovarian origin. Treatment: Laparoscopic total hysterectomy + bilateral adnexectomy + pelvic and para-aortic lymph node dissection + omentectomy + peritoneal multi-point biopsy. Final diagnosis: Pathological consultation at a superior hospital confirmed (cervical) HSIL (CINII grade) and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the ovary (metastatic origin). The patient was considered to have poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma associated with HPV infection originating from the cervix and metastasizing to the right ovary.

Evaluation of the Initiation Effect of QLB Combined with General Anesthesia in the “Painless Mode” during Gynecological Laparoscopic Surgery

2026-06-15T11:01:36+08:00

Objective: To evaluate the painless mechanism of the quadratus lumborum block at the level of the arcuate ligament (denoted as QLB) combined with general anesthesia during gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Methods: Forty patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery were selected and evenly divided by ball-drawing. The combined group received QLB combined with general anesthesia, while the reference group received only general anesthesia. The initiation effects of the painless mode were compared between the two groups. Results: The analgesic indicators in the combined group were significantly superior. Except for before 10 minutes of anesthesia (i.e., T0), the hemodynamics in the combined group were more favorable. At different postoperative time points, the pain scores of the combined group were lower in both resting and active states, with P < 0.05 between the groups. Conclusion: QLB combined with general anesthesia can significantly improve the analgesic effect, stabilize hemodynamics, alleviate postoperative pain, and enhance anesthesia safety in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery.

Research on Establishing a Prediction Model for Pregnancy Outcomes Based on Retrospective Analysis of 1,131 Cases of Frozen-Thawed Single Embryo Transfer

2026-06-15T11:07:09+08:00

Objective: This study is based on preliminary clinical data from a public welfare project funded by the Jinhua Science and Technology Bureau. A total of 1,131 cases of frozen-thawed single embryo transfer were retrospectively enrolled to investigate clinical indicators such as patient age, embryo developmental stage, and endometrial type. Key factors influencing pregnancy outcomes were identified, and a predictive model was constructed. This provides a prerequisite for analyzing the correlation between the immune functional status of Treg lymphocytes and pregnancy outcomes following embryo transfer, and also serves as a reference for clinical immune assessment and individualized embryo transfer strategies in assisted reproduction. This research intends to set up a pregnancy outcome prediction model relying on 1131 frozen-thawed single embryo transfer instances. It takes into account elements like patients age, d3 embryo transfer, d4 fused embryo, d5 or d6 blastocyst, endometrial thickness and type, etc. Methods: Via systematic data gathering, which encompasses fundamental patient details, data associated with embryo development, and endometrial data, and by utilizing statistical instruments like SPSS and R software for univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis, independent factors influencing pregnancy results were screened. Based on this situation, a prediction model for pregnancy outcomes was built by using a nomogram. Results: Validated through ROC curves and AUC values, the model showed good discriminatory ability and calibration, efficiently forecasting the pregnancy result of single embryo transfer and offering a significant reference for clinical decision-making. Conclusion: It is feasible to set up a pregnancy outcome prediction model for single embryo transfer, and it has high precision.

Case Analysis of Cervical Cancer Complicated with Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome

2026-06-15T11:12:37+08:00

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics, diagnostic approach, and multidisciplinary management strategies of cervical cancer complicated with Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHL), and to enhance clinical awareness of rare and complex cases. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of a patient with cervical cancer complicated by VHL syndrome. The patient’s medical history, family genetic background, laboratory tests, imaging findings, pathological results, diagnostic process, and multidisciplinary treatment were organized and analyzed in conjunction with relevant literature. Results: The patient was a 77-year-old female presenting with vaginal bleeding and lower abdominal distension. Cervical biopsy pathology indicated cervical squamous cell carcinoma, staged as IIIC1r. Further examination revealed abnormal changes in multiple systems, including the liver, pancreas, kidneys, and adrenal glands, along with a clear family genetic background of VHL. After comprehensive evaluation through imaging, pathology, and multidisciplinary consultation, the patient was ultimately diagnosed with cervical cancer complicated by VHL syndrome. This case was characterized by advanced age at onset, pronounced family clustering, multi-organ involvement, and complex diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion: Cervical cancer complicated by VHL syndrome is relatively rare in clinical practice. For patients with a special family history and multi-system involvement, it is essential to enhance awareness of hereditary tumor syndromes, strengthen multidisciplinary collaboration, and conduct individualized assessments to improve the diagnostic proficiency and clinical management capabilities for complex cases.

A Phenomenological Study on Ovarian Reserve Health Risk Experiences, Fertility Difficulties, and Support Needs among Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Pediatric Nurses

2026-06-15T11:22:44+08:00

Objective: To explore the lived experiences of ovarian reserve health risks, fertility difficulties, and support needs among obstetric, gynecologic, and pediatric nurses. Methods: A descriptive phenomenological approach was adopted. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with nine nurses from obstetrics, gynecology, pediatrics, reproductive medicine, and delivery room departments at a tertiary hospital in China. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step method, with sample size determined by data saturation. Results: Four core themes emerged: (1) Health risk awareness originated from high occupational exposure, while delayed childbearing was impeded by multiple barriers including economic constraints, career demands, relationship challenges, and work intensity; (2) Health risks and uncertainty triggered stratified negative emotions and differential fertility confidence; (3) Structural conflicts existed between occupational demands and reproductive health maintenance, with individual coping being passive and limited; (4) Organizational support gaps were pronounced, with strong demands for fertility-friendly institutional support. Conclusions: Ovarian reserve health anxiety among obstetric, gynecologic, and pediatric nurses primarily stemmed from high clinical exposure and occupational stress, with emotions and fertility experiences exhibiting stratified characteristics. Night shifts, occupational exposures, promotion-related involution, and fertility needs were difficult to reconcile. Hospitals should urgently implement supportive measures, including reduced night shifts, free ovarian function screening, optimized occupational protection protocols, and promotion policy adjustments favoring reproductive health.

Study on the Association Between Maternal Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies and Their Coping Styles and Mental Health in Highrisk Pregnancies

2026-06-15T11:29:02+08:00

Objective: The correlation between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and the coping styles and mental health status of pregnant women with high-risk pregnancies was studied to provide a theoretical basis for clinical psychological intervention. Methods: 152 pregnant women with high-risk pregnancies who were hospitalized in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of an A hospital and filed in the outpatient clinic from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected as the observation group, and 150 pregnant women with normal pregnancies who were hospitalized in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and filed in the outpatient clinic during the same period were also selected as the control group. Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ-C), Chinese revised medical coping modes questionnaire (MCMQ), self-assessment of mental health symptoms (symptom-90), and self-assessment of mental health symptoms (MCMQ) were applied to the observation group. CERQ-C, MCMQ, SCL-90 and SCL-90 were used to assess the cognitive-emotional, coping mode and mental health status of the two groups, and to compare the differences in the scores of the scales and their dimensions. Results: The CERQ-C adaptive dimension scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group, and the non-adaptive dimension scores were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.01); the MCMQ avoidance and submission dimensions scores of the observation group were higher, and the confrontation dimension scores were lower (P < 0.05); and the scores of all symptom dimensions on the SCL-90 of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Among the high-risk subgroups, the severe obstetric hemorrhage risk group had the most prominent cognitive-emotional regulation imbalance, negative coping and psychological problems. Pearson correlation analysis showed that adaptive cognitive-emotional regulation was positively correlated with face-to-face coping (r = 0.412, P < 0.01), and non-adaptive cognitive-emotional regulation was significantly positively correlated with yielding coping, anxiety and depression and other psychological symptoms (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Mothers with high-risk pregnancies generally have cognitive emotion dysregulation, mostly adopt non-adaptive emotion regulation strategies, and tend to adopt negative coping styles of avoidance and submission, accompanied by obvious mental health problems, and the psychological stress problems of pregnant women with severe obstetric hemorrhage risk are the most significant. Clinical assessment of the cognitive emotion regulation ability of this group should be emphasized, and precise psychological interventions should be carried out to improve their mental health and pregnancy outcomes.

Research Progress in Clinical Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome from the Perspective of Evidence-Based Medicine: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Hormonal Therapy and Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimens

2026-06-15T11:33:44+08:00

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that significantly impairs female fertility and overall health. With the advancement of evidence-based medicine, therapeutic approaches for PCOS have become increasingly diversified. As two major treatment modalities, hormonal therapy and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have attracted widespread attention. Although numerous studies have explored the efficacy and safety of different treatment regimens, many controversies and deficiencies still exist in clinical practice. From the perspective of evidence-based medicine, this review systematically assesses the clinical application effects of hormonal therapy and TCM for PCOS. Through a comprehensive analysis of relevant literature, it compares the efficacy of various treatments and puts forward evidence-based therapeutic recommendations. This study aims to provide a scientific reference for clinical decision-making and promote the progress of comprehensive management and treatment of PCOS.

Meta-analysis of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes and Fetal Inflammatory Response Syndrome

2026-06-15T11:39:18+08:00

Objective: To systematically evaluate the impact of fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) in preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) on neonatal short-term adverse outcomes, and to assess the predictive value of maternal and amniotic fluid inflammatory markers for FIRS. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, and other databases (January 2022–May 2026), including cohort and case-control studies involving PPROM with FIRS. Two reviewers independently screened eligible studies and assessed risk of bias using the NOS scale. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 16.0. Results: A total of five high-quality studies (690 cases) were included. Meta-analysis revealed that, compared with the non-FIRS group, infants in the PPROM-FIRS group had significantly higher risks of early-onset sepsis (OR = 4.85, 95% CI: 3.12–7.54), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (OR = 3.42, 95% CI: 2.05–5.88), severe intraventricular hemorrhage (OR = 2.76, 95% CI: 1.67–4.53), necrotizing enterocolitis (OR = 3.35, 95% CI: 1.76–6.38), and respiratory distress syndrome (OR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.72–3.86) (all P < 0.001). The survival rate of extremely preterm fetuses delivered before 24 weeks’ gestation with FIRS was extremely low. Conclusion: PPROM combined with FIRS significantly increases the risk of multiple short-term adverse neonatal outcomes. Dynamic monitoring of maternal CRP, WBC, and amniotic fluid IL-6 levels may help identify FIRS early, providing evidence for decisions regarding antenatal corticosteroids or termination of pregnancy, thereby improving perinatal outcomes.