Keywords
Lower urinary tract symptoms
Complementary applications
Quality of life
Submitted : 2023-05-15
Accepted : 2023-05-30
Published : 2023-06-14
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis patients face many physiological, psychological, and social problems depending on the type and course of the disease. One of the physiological problems is lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Problems such as urinary incontinence, frequent urination, sudden urination, inability to urinate, inability to empty the bladder completely affect the daily life of the patients. These patients may avoid social interaction because of frequent urination and incontinence. Patients with multiple sclerosis refrain from shopping, meeting with friends, and other social activities due to urinary problems. In addition, they also restrict their fluid intake because they urinate frequently. Urinary tract infections associated with low fluid intake and inability to urinate are more common in multiple sclerosis patients than in the normal population. These problems restrict the patient’s life and negatively affect their quality of life. These complaints can be minimized by bladder training, pelvic floor muscle exercises, nerve stimulation, or use of urinary catheter in order to eliminate these problems and improve the quality of life of the patients. While bladder training prolongs the urination intervals of patients, pelvic floor muscle exercises reduce urinary incontinence by strengthening the muscles. Neuromodulation reduces these problems by suppressing nerve impulses. Catheters are important for patients who cannot urinate or have urinary incontinence. Urinary incontinence, retention, and urinary infection can be reduced by using catheters.
References
Rosiak K, Zagozdzon P, 2017, Quality of Life and Social Support in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Psychiatr Pol, 51(5): 923–935.
Tomé A, Miranda EP, de Bessa Junior J, et al., 2019, Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Sexual Dysfunction in Men with Multiple Sclerosis. Clinics, 74: e713.
Nazari F, Shaygannejad V, Mohammadi Sichani M, et al., 2020, The Prevalence of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Based on Individual and Clinical Parameters in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. BMC Neurol, 20(1): 24.
D’Ancona C, Haylen B, Oelke M, et al., 2019, The International Continence Society (ICS) report on the Terminology for Adult Male Lower Urinary Tract and Pelvic Floor Symptoms and Dysfunction. Neurourol Urodyn, 38(2): 433–477.
Andretta E, Simeone C, Ostardo E, et al., 2014, Usefulness of Sacral Nerve Modulation in A Series of Multiple Sclerosis Patients with Bladder Dysfunction. J Neurol Sci, 347(1–2): 257–261.
Wang T, Huang W, Zhang Y, 2016, Clinical Characteristics and Urodynamic Analysis of Urinary Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis. Chin Med J, 129(6): 645–650.
Nakipoglu GF, Kaya AZ, Orhan G, et al., 2009, Urinary Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis. J Clin Neurosci, 16(10): 1321–1324.
Aharony SM, Lam O, Corcos J, 2017, Evaluation of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis patients: Review of the Literature and Current Guidelines. Can Urrol Assoc J, 11(1–2): 61–64.
Sand PK, Sand RI, 2013, The Diagnosis and Management of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Dis Mon, 59(7): 261–268.
Khan R, Uren A, Canham L, et al., 2018, What Are the Participants’ Perspectives of Taking Melatonin for the Treatment of Nocturia in Multiple Sclerosis? A Qualitative Study Embedded Within a Double-Blind RCT. Mult Scler Int, 2018: 4721505.
Khalaf KM, Coyne KS, Globe DR, et al., 2016, The Impact of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms on Health-Related Quality of Life Among Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Neurourol Urodyn, 35(1): 48–54.
Lúcio AC, Perissinoto MC, Natalin RA, et al., 2011, A Comparative Study of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training in Women with Multiple Sclerosis: Its Impact on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Quality of Life. Clinics, 66(9): 1563–1568.
Balsamo R, Arcaniolo D, Stizzo M, et al., 2017, Increased Risk of Erectile Dysfunction in Men with Multiple Sclerosis: An Italian Cross-Sectional Study. Cent European J Urol, 70(3): 289–295.
Fragalà E, Russo GI, Di Rosa A, et al., 2015, Relationship Between Urodynamic Findings and Sexual Function in Multiple Sclerosis Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction. Eur J Neurol, 22(3): 485–492.
Feinstein A, Magalhaes S, Richard JF, et al., 2014, The Link Between Multiple Sclerosis and Depression. Nat Rev Neurol 10(9): 507–517.
Butler E, Thomas R, Carolan A, et al., 2019, ‘It’s the unknown’- Understanding Anxiety: From the Perspective of People with Multiple Sclerosis. Psychol Health, 34(3): 368–383.
Berzins SA, Bulloch AG, Burton JM, et al., 2017, Determinants and Incidence of Depression in Multiple Sclerosis: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Psychosom Res, 99: 169–176.
Lee KS, Choo MS, Seo JT, et al., 2015, Impact of Overactive Bladder on Quality of Life and Resource Use: Results from Korean Burden of Incontinence Study (KOBIS). Health Qual Life Outcomes, 13: 89.
Conradsson D, Ytterberg C, Engelkes C, et al., 2021, Activity Limitations and Participation Restrictions in People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Detailed 10-Year Perspective. Disabil Rehabil, 43(3): 406–413.
Tornic J, Panicker JN, 2018, The Management of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep, 18(8): 54.
Ayeleke RO, Hay-Smith EJ, Omar MI, 2015, Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Added to Another Active Treatment Versus the Same Active Treatment Alone for Urinary Incontinence in Women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2015(11): CD010551.
McClurg D, Ashe RG, Lowe-Strong AS, 2008, Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation and the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis: A Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial. Neurourol Urodyn, 27(3): 231–237.
Pérez DC, Chao CW, Jiménez LL, et al., 2020, Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Adapted for Urinary Incontinence in Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int Urogynecol J, 31(2): 267–275.
Rafii F, Sajjadi M, Shareinia H, et al., 2018, Effects of Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercises on Urinary Incontinence and Quality of Life in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. World Family Medicine, 16(1): 62–69.
Colombo M, Zanetta G, Scalambrino S, et al., 1995, Oxybutynin and Bladder Training in the Management of Female Urinary Urge Incontinence: A Randomized Study. Int Urogynecol J, 6: 63–67.
Rizvi RM, Chughtai NG, Kapadia N, 2018, Effects of Bladder Training and Pelvic Floor Muscle Training in Female Patients with Overactive Bladder Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Urol Int, 100(4): 420¬–427.
Yoon HS, Song HH, Ro YJ, 2003, A Comparison of Effectiveness of Bladder Training and Pelvic Muscle Exercise on Female Urinary Incontinence. Int J Nurs Stud, 40(1): 45–50.
Song C, Park JT, Heo KO, et al., 2006, Effects of Bladder Training and/or Tolterodine in Female Patients with Overactive Bladder Syndrome: A Prospective, Randomized Study. J Korean Med Sci; 21(6): 1060–1063.
Rizvi RM, Chughtai NG, Kapadia N, 2018, Effects of Bladder Training and Pelvic Floor Muscle Training in Female Patients with Overactive Bladder Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Urol Int, 100(4): 420–427.
de Sèze M, Raibaut P, Gallien P, et al., 2011, Transcutaneous Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation for Treatment of the Overactive Bladder Syndrome in Multiple Sclerosis: Results of a Multicenter Prospective Study. Neurourol Urodyn, 30(3): 306–311.
Keller EE, Patras I, Hutu I, et al., 2020, Early Sacral Neuromodulation Ameliorates Urinary Bladder Function and Structure in Complete Spinal Cord Injury Minipigs. Neurourol Urodyn, 39(2): 586–593.
Knu?pfer SC, Liechti MD, Mordasini L, et al., 2014, Protocol for a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial Investigating Sacral Neuromodulation for Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract dysfunction. BMC Urology, 14: 65.
Powell CR, 2013, Neuromodulation for Neurogenic Bladder. Curr Bladder Dysfunct Rep, 8(4): 282–288.
Rahnama’i MS, 2020, Neuromodulation for Functional Bladder Disorders in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Mult Scler, 26(11): 1274–1280.
Kabay S, Kabay SC, Yucel M, et al., 2009, The Clinical and Urodynamic Results of a 3-Month Percutaneous Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation Treatment in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis-Related Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction. Neurourol Urodyn, 28(8): 964–968.
Tudor KI, Seth JH, Liechti MD, et al., 2020, Outcomes Following Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation (PTNS) Treatment for Neurogenic and Idiopathic Overactive Bladder. Clin Auton Res, 30(1): 61–67.
Nikseresht A, Salehi H, Foroughi AA, et al., 2015, Association Between Urinary Symptoms and Urinary Tract Infection in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Glob J Health Sci, 8(4): 120–126.
James R, Frasure HE, Mahajan ST, 2014, Urinary Catheterization May Not Adversely Impact Quality of life in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. ISRN Neurol, 2014: 167030.
Mahajan ST, Frasure HE, Marrie RA, 2013, The Prevalence of Urinary Catheterization in Women and Men with Multiple Sclerosis. J Spinal Cord Med, 36(6): 632–637.
Al-Hameed FM, Ahmed GR, AlSaedi AA, et al., 2018, Applying Preventive Measures Leading to Significant Reduction of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in Adult Intensive Care Unit. Saudi Med J, 39(1): 97–102.
Willson M, Wilde M, Webb ML, et al., 2009, Nursing Interventions to Reduce the Risk of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection: Part 2: Staff Education, Monitoring, and Care Techniques. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs, 36(2): 137–154.
Coolen RL, Groen J, Blok B, 2019, Electrical Stimulation in the Treatment of Bladder Dysfunction: Technology Update. Med Devices, 12: 337–345.