Proceedings of Anticancer Research

Study on the Application Value of Liver Function and Serological Index Levels in the Diagnosis of Fatty Liver

Gaopeng Lu — 2024-02-23

Objective: To explore the application value of liver function and serological index detection in diagnosing fatty liver. Methods: Ninety patients with fatty liver disease (disease group) and ninety healthy subjects (healthy group) were selected as the subjects of this study. They all underwent liver function index testing and serological index testing. Test results were compared, and the diagnostic accuracy of single and combined tests was evaluated. Results: Liver function indicators of patients in the disease group were higher than those in the healthy group, with severe patients exhibiting higher levels than moderate patients and mild patients (P < 0.05). Serological indicators in patients in the disease group were higher than those in the healthy group, with severe patients showing higher levels than moderate patients and mild patients (P < 0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of liver function index testing was higher than that of serological index testing, and the accuracy of combined testing was higher than that of single testing (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In diagnosing fatty liver, combining liver function testing and serological testing enables the initial diagnosis of the disease and facilitates the accurate assessment of its severity.

VEGF, HIF-1α, and Metabolic Indicators in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Yangyan Chen — 2024-03-28

Objective: To explore and analyze the expression and clinical significance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), and metabolic indicators in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: Sixty ESCC patients admitted to the hospital from October 2021 to October 2023 were selected as the ESCC group. Sixty normal healthy patients from the same period were chosen as the control group. Their serum samples and tissue samples were collected. Metabolic indicators of all study subjects were obtained based on the basic biochemical results upon admission. RT-PCR was utilized to detect the expression of VEGF and HIF-1α in ESCC tissues. Results: The expression of VEGF and HIF-1α in the ESCC T3+T4 group was significantly higher than that of the carcinoma in situ (Tis) group, T1+T2 group, and control group. Furthermore, the expression of HIF-1α was found to be related to the expression of VEGF, showing a significant correlation between the quantities. Significant differences in the levels of metabolic indicators were observed between the ESCC group and the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Metabolic indicators are associated with the onset of ESCC in patients. Abnormal lipid metabolism plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of tumors. The expression of VEGF and HIF-1α in ESCC tissues significantly correlates with the tumor stage, providing a new reference for the diagnosis and treatment of ESCC.

Evaluation of Phytochemical Analysis and Total Phenol Content of Proso Millet and Barnyard Millet

Peera Priya Ramadoss — 2024-03-28

Whole grains of proso and barnyard millets were sequentially extracted using different solvents (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol). Phytochemical analysis was performed qualitatively, and the total phenolic content in the extracts of proso and barnyard millets was quantified. Alkaloids and cardiac glycosides were identified in all solvent extracts of both millets. Anthraquinone and glycosides yielded negative results in all solvent extracts of both millets. Among all the solvent extracts, methanol extracts of proso and barnyard millets showed the presence of major compounds such as flavonoids, terpenoids, amino acids, tannins, and phenolics compounds. The maximum amount of phenols was found in methanolic extracts of proso and barnyard millets (0.669 ± 0.003 and 0.625 ± 0.003), followed by the chloroform extract of proso and barnyard millets (0.284 ± 0.002 and 0.257 ± 0.003). The minimum amount of phenolics was found in the acetone extract of proso and barnyard millets. The methanol extract of both millets showed the presence of major compounds with high phenolic content.

Role of TSH Inhibition Therapy in the Postoperative Management of Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Xudong Gao — 2024-03-28

Objective: To investigate the effect of TSH inhibition therapy in the postoperative management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Methods: Seventy patients diagnosed with differentiated thyroid cancer were selected for the study. TSH inhibition therapy was administered to the research group, while thyroxine replacement therapy was provided to the control group during the postoperative management phase. This allowed for a comparative analysis between the two groups. Results: In comparison with the control group, the research group exhibited significant decreases in serum TSH, T3, and T4 levels after treatment, while FT4 and FT3 levels significantly increased (P < 0.05). Additionally, significant decreases in Tg, VEGF, TSGF, CD44V6, and sIL-2R levels were observed in the research group after treatment (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in pre-treatment thyroid function between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The application of TSH inhibition therapy in the postoperative management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer demonstrates promising outcomes.

Research Progress of circRNAs during Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Yuqing Li — 2024-03-28

Hepatocellular carcinoma is prone to invasion and metastasis. It often receives a low diagnosis rate in the early stage but has an extremely high mortality rate. Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) is a key factor in promoting tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Circular RNA (circRNA) is involved in regulating EMT in hepatocarcinoma cells through multiple pathways, thereby affecting the occurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. This article mainly reviews the research progress of circRNA related to EMT core transcription factors, circRNA that promotes EMT in liver cancer, and circRNA that inhibits EMT in liver cancer.

Surgical Reconstruction of a Large Defect after Excision of Infiltrative Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Scalp and Occipital Region: A Case Report

Chi Zhang — 2024-03-28

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the scalp is the second most prevalent skin cancer, following basal cell carcinoma. Notably, it has the capability to infiltrate the skull, dura mater, and even brain tissue. The cornerstone of treatment is the surgical removal of the lesion, with a particular focus on the depth of invasion, which is directly correlated with recurrence rates. Post-surgical strategies may involve immediate or delayed cranial bone reconstruction and repair of scalp defects using either artificial dermis or skin grafts. In the case presented, a substantial defect necessitated more than a single flap for primary repair. Hence, a single pedicle double-island flap was designed for reconstructing the occipital area. Due to increased tension on the flap following cranial bone repair, the bone repair was temporarily deferred. Postoperative care included adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy to mitigate the risk of SCC recurrence.

Benign Multicystic Peritoneal Mesothelioma: A Case Report

Yuxuan Shao — 2024-03-28

Benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma (BMPM) is a rare tumor originating from peritoneal mesothelial cells. Here, we present a case of an 18-year-old male with right lower abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed a palpable mass with unclear boundaries. Laboratory tests showed elevated levels of monocytes and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. CT scan revealed a cystic mass in the ileocecal region with multiple septations. Laparoscopic surgery confirmed a cystic solid mass resembling beads on the colon’s right side. Immunohistochemistry confirmed BMPM diagnosis. BMPM, especially in the ileocecal region, is uncommon and presents diagnostic challenges. Differential diagnosis includes lymphangioma, peritoneal metastasis, and malignant mesothelioma. CT findings, such as thin cyst walls and septations, aid in diagnosis. Recognition of BMPM’s imaging features improves diagnostic accuracy. Surgical resection remains the primary treatment. This case underscores the importance of considering BMPM in young male patients with abdominal pain and emphasizes the value of imaging modalities in accurate diagnosis and management.

The Therapeutic Effect of Biling Weitong Granules Combined with Oryz-Aspergillus Enzyme and Pancreatin Tablet on Reflux Esophagitis with Functional Dyspepsia

Yalan Chen — 2024-03-28

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of Biling Weitong Granules combined with oryz-aspergillus enzyme and pancreatin tablets on patients with reflux esophagitis with functional dyspepsia. Methods: Sixty patients diagnosed with reflux esophagitis with functional dyspepsia who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University between June 2020 and June 2023 were selected and divided into two groups: the control group and the observation group, each consisting of 30 cases. The control group received oryz-aspergillus enzyme and pancreatin tablets only, while the observation group received Biling Weitong Granules in addition to the tablets. The clinical efficacy, Chinese medicine syndrome points, esophageal kinetic indexes, gastrointestinal hormone levels, and therapeutic safety of both groups were evaluated. Results: The total efficiency of the observation group reached 93.33%, significantly higher than the 73.33% of the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, patients in the observation group exhibited significantly lower scores for Chinese medicine symptoms such as early satiety, belching, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the observation group showed significantly higher upper esophageal sphincter pressure, lower esophageal sphincter pressure, and distal esophageal contraction scores compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, levels of gastric motility hormone, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and gastrin were significantly higher in the observation group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Throughout the treatment period, there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups, indicating comparable safety of the two treatment modalities (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of Biling Weitong Granules with oryz-aspergillus enzyme and pancreatin tablets demonstrates significant efficacy in the treatment of reflux esophagitis with functional dyspepsia, with a better safety profile. This finding warrants further clinical promotion.

The Application Value of Ultrasound Imaging in the Differential Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Breast Nodules of BI-RADS 3 and Above

Dongmei Chen — 2024-03-28

Objective: To explore the diagnostic value of ultrasound imaging for breast nodules of breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) category 3 and above. Methods: From June 2021 to July 2022, 163 patients with breast nodules of BI-RADS 3 or above were selected as the research subjects. After pathological diagnosis, 24 cases were malignant breast nodules of BI-RADS 3 or above, while 139 cases were benign breast nodules of BI-RADS 3 or above. The diagnosis rate of malignant and benign breast nodules of BI-RADS 3 or above, including 95% CI, was observed and analyzed. Results: The malignant and benign detection rates of conventional ultrasound were 88.63% and 75.00%, respectively, and the malignant and benign detection rates of ultrasound imaging were 93.18% and 87.50%, respectively, with 95% CIs greater than 0.7. Conclusion: Ultrasound imaging can help improve the diagnostic accuracy of benign and malignant breast nodules of BI-RADS 3 and above and reduce the misdiagnosis rate.

Effect of Sequential Early Enteral Nutrition on Postoperative Rehabilitation and Complications in Gastric Cancer Patients

Dongchou Han — 2024-03-28

Objective: To analyze the effect of sequential early enteral nutrition in patients with gastric cancer after surgery. Methods: A total of 139 gastric cancer patients, treated between October 2021 and October 2023, were randomly selected and divided into two groups: Group A (68 cases, receiving early enteral nutrition) and Group B (71 cases, receiving sequential early enteral nutrition), using computer randomization. The effects of the interventions on both groups were compared. Results: Seven days post-operation, the levels of nutritional indicators in Group B were significantly higher than those in Group A (P < 0.05). Group B showed significantly better levels of inflammatory factors and immune factors compared to Group A seven days post-operation (P < 0.05). The postoperative complication rate in Group B was 4.23%, significantly lower than that in Group A, which was 16.18% (χ² = 5.477, P = 0.019). Conclusion: The utilization of sequential early enteral nutrition in gastric cancer patients after surgery demonstrated notable improvements in nutritional status and inflammation markers, along with enhanced immunity, effectively reducing postoperative complications.

EGFR Mutation and FHIT Methylation: Inverse Relationship in Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma and Tuberculosis

Mireguli Abudureheman — 2024-03-28

Objective: To investigate the genetic correlations between epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and FHIT methylation in patients diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma (AC) and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Methods: The presence of EGFR mutations and the methylation status of the FHIT gene in patients presenting with AC and TB were analyzed. The correlation between TB status and the observed genetic and epigenetic variations was also examined. Results: Among the 90 patients included in the study, 38 exhibited EGFR mutations (14 among those with TB and 24 among those without TB), while 29 exhibited FHIT myelination (19 among those with TB and 10 among those without TB). Furthermore, the protein expression levels of EGFR and FHIT were significantly higher in patients diagnosed solely with AC compared to those presenting with both AC and TB. A robust inverse correlation was identified between TB status and the frequency of EGFR mutation (P < 0.001). Moreover, significant associations were observed between TB status and FHIT methylation (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The findings suggest a correlation between TB and the prevalence of EGFR mutation and FHIT methylation in the pathogenesis of AC.

A Study on the Influences of the COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Treatment-Crisis on Quality of Life in Cancer Patients – A Secondary Publication

So Hyoung Kim — 2024-03-28

Objective: To investigate the factors affecting the quality of life of cancer patients by examining the degree of the COVID-19 pandemic-related depression, anxiety, stress, and treatment crisis. Methods: Data were collected from 132 cancer patients undergoing surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormone therapy at K University Hospital in D City using a structured questionnaire. The period of data collection was from May 6 to May 28, 2022. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The mean scores of quality-of-life, depression, anxiety, stress, and treatment crisis during the COVID-19 pandemic were 84.64 ± 29.09, 15.14 ± 6.49, 4.66 ± 5.27, 75.83 ± 17.70, and 78.52 ± 19.95, respectively. In terms of factors affecting the quality of life related to the COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 pandemic-related stress (β = 0.41, P < 0.001) appeared to have the greatest impact, followed by COVID-19 pandemic-related treatment-crisis (β = 0.28, P = 0.002), anxiety (β = 0.21, P = 0.002), and gender (β = 0.14, P = 0.009), with a total explanatory power of 67.6%. Conclusion: To improve the quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 pandemic-related stress, treatment-crisis, and anxiety should be periodically monitored and nursing interventions such as education on infection prevention, management, and emotional support programs should be provided to decrease the COVID-19 pandemic-related stress, treatment-crisis, and anxiety.

Arterial Embolization: A Superior Treatment for Massive Urinary Tract Bleeding in Emergency Care

Bo Chen — 2024-03-28

Objective: To analyze the effect of arterial embolism (AE) in patients with massive urinary system bleeding (MBUS). Methods: From September 2018 to September 2023, 175 cases of MBUS patients in the emergency department of the hospital were randomly selected and divided into groups according to the length of stay. Among them, 85 cases (September 2018 – September 2020) underwent bladder irrigation treatment with aluminum potassium sulfate solution through a catheter (Group A), and 90 cases (October 2020 – September 2023) underwent AE treatment (Group B). The treatment effects of the two groups were compared. Results: The treatment effectiveness of Group B is higher than that of Group A (P < 0.05). The urinary hemoglobin level of Group B is lower than that of Group A at 1, 6, 12, and 24 hours after treatment (P < 0.05). Among the 90 cases treated with AE, 7 cases had a fever, with body temperatures ranging from 37.3°C to 38.9℃, with a mean temperature of 38.2 ± 0.3℃. Four cases experienced local pain, nausea, and vomiting, while two cases of intra-iliac AE showed transient buttock pain. These patients with adverse reactions were treated symptomatically for 7 days. All patients recovered after treatment. Intravenous urography of 87 patients in June showed that the renal pelvis and calyces were in good condition, the renal function returned to normal, and the blood urea nitrogen and blood creatinine test results were within the normal range. After 1 year of follow-up, no hypertension occurred. Conclusion: AE treats MBUS patients in the emergency department with remarkable efficacy. It has the advantages of less damage to the body, rapid hemostasis, high safety, and maximum preservation of organ function.