Oncology Treatment Discovery

Analysis of the Effect of Ambulatory Chemotherapy (Portable Infusion Pump Use) Video Education on Knowledge, Self-efficacy, and Anxiety of Colorectal Cancer Patients

Eun Hee Choi, Eun Young Park, Young Ah Park, You Hee Son, Myung Jin Jang — Fri, 29 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Objective: To analyze the effect of video education on ambulatory chemotherapy with a portable infusion pump on the knowledge, self-efficacy, and anxiety of colorectal cancer patients. Methods: This study employs a quasi- experimental study as a nonequivalent control group and a non-synchronized design. The 48 participants selected in this study were colorectal cancer patients who received chemotherapy with a portable infusion pump through an ambulatory care unit. Patient education was divided into printed materials and videos, and the patient’s knowledge, self-efficacy, and anxiety were measured. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, paired t-test, and Wilcoxon’s signed rank test. Results: In the video education group, the patient’s knowledge (Z = -4.09, P < 0.001) and self-efficacy (Z = -2.72, P = 0.012) significantly increased after education, and anxiety significantly decreased (Z = 2.24, P = 0.035). However, there was no difference in knowledge (t = 0.09, P = 0.931), self-efficacy (t = 1.22, P = 0.229), and anxiety (t = -1.16, P = 0.250) between the two groups after education. Conclusion: To improve the quality of life of cancer patients, it is necessary to promote self-efficacy and reduce anxiety. The results of this study suggested that more diverse educational methods should be attempted to improve knowledge and self-efficacy and reduce anxiety in colorectal cancer patients.

Analysis of the Treatment for Advanced Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer in Middle-Aged and Elderly People

Zhi Zhou, Yanchun Wang — Fri, 29 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Microsatellite stabilized (MSS) rectal cancer is a highly prevalent cancer in the middle-aged and elderly population. There exists some expertise in detecting and evaluating the chemotherapy effect in advanced colorectal cancer patients. Multiple studies have combined targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy as a breakthrough. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors have certain therapeutic effects in the treatment of MSS rectal cancer patients. The combination of PD-1 inhibitors and furoquinib can improve the disease control rate (DCR) and progression- free survival (PFS) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with advanced MSS, and the adverse reactions are controllable. The combination of erlotinib hydrochloride and Xindilizumab was more effective in treating MSS-type colorectal cancer patients than clinical standard treatment. This study analyzes the various treatment methods for MSS-type CRC in middle- aged and elderly people to provide a reference basis in clinical practice.

Study on the Association of XRCC1 Gene rs72484243 Polymorphisms with Increased Laryngeal Cancer Risk

Fri, 29 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Objective: To study the association of X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) gene polymorphisms with increased laryngeal cancer risk. Methods: A total of 120 individuals, comprising 60 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and 60 healthy volunteers participated were selected. Blood samples were taken and analyzed, and 4 XRCC1 polymorphisms (rs145135970, rs1799780, rs25489, and rs72484243) were genotyped. Results: Gender, age, body mass index (BMI), and smoking habits were shown to be the high-risk factors for LSCC. Genotype and allele distributions for the 4 polymorphisms differed significantly between both groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, carriers with the rs72484243GTGT- allele exhibited an increased risk of LSCC relative to those who had the rs145135970 GTGTGTGTGTGTGT- allele, the rs1799780 G-A allele, or the rs25489 C-T allele, as determined by binary logistic regression analysis (OR = 2.74, 95% CI: 1.27–5.91, P = 0.01), after accounting for possible co-factors like sex, age, BMI, drinking and smoking behavior, and special diet requirements. In addition, a TA haplotype and a GTGTGTGTGTGTGTTG haplotype were linked to LSCC in Chinese populations in a haploid association study of 4 SNP loci in the XRCC1 gene (P = 0.05 OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.1228–1.6406). Conclusion: Genetic polymorphisms of the XRCC1 gene at the rs72484243 site were correlated with an elevated risk of LSCC among the Xinjiang population.

Comparative Efficacy of Whole-Brain Radiotherapy Combined with Supplemental Precision Radiotherapy and Whole-Brain Radiotherapy Alone for Brain Metastases

Weiwei Dong, Yun Zhou, Xiangyang Jiang, Yan Zhou — Fri, 29 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of whole-brain radiotherapy combined with supplemental precision radiotherapy compared to whole-brain radiotherapy alone for brain metastasis. Methods: Twenty-six cases of patients with brain metastasis were observed from January 2020 to June 2023. Thirteen cases each were randomly assigned to the observation group and the control group. The patients in the observation group received whole-brain radiotherapy combined with supplemental precision radiotherapy, while those in the control group received only whole-brain radiotherapy. Results: Comparing the quality of life scores between the two groups, the data from the observation group was significantly superior (P < 0.05). The survival rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and their survival time was longer (P < 0.05). Additionally, compared with the control group, the observation group exhibited lower levels of various serum tumor factors after treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Whole-brain radiotherapy combined with supplemental precision radiotherapy demonstrates improved clinical efficacy, prolonged survival time, and enhanced quality of life for patients with brain metastasis. These findings warrant further study and promotion.

Analysis of the Value of Ultrasound Imaging Combined with Serum Indicators in Evaluating the Invasiveness of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Dongmei Chen — Fri, 29 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Objective: To analyze the value of ultrasound imaging combined with serum indicators in evaluating the invasiveness of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Methods: One hundred and fifty patients with papillary thyroid cancer admitted to our hospital from September 2019 to December 2022 were selected. Pathological tissue testing was performed on all patients. According to the size, shape, boundary, internal echo, and characteristics such as microcalcification, the patients were divided into the PTC metastasis group (n = 55) and the PTC group (n = 95). The detection rate of ultrasound imaging combined with serum indicators and the invasiveness of PTC were observed and analyzed. Results: The detection rate of ultrasound imaging combined with serum indicators in both groups was significantly better than that of ultrasound imaging and serum indicators (P < 0.05). The detection rate of ultrasound imaging combined with serum indicators was compared between the groups. The removal rate of the PTC metastasis group was significantly better than that of the PTC group (P < 0.05). The levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb), and thyroid autoantibodies (TPOAb) in the PTC group were lower than those of the PTC metastasis group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Ultrasound imaging combined with serum indicators like TSH, Tg, TgAb, and TPOAb has important clinical significance in evaluating the invasiveness of PTC.

Analysis of a Case of Airway Hemangioma in a 1-Month-Old Infant with Dyspnea – A Secondary Publication

Hyo-Bin Kim, Sang-Hwa Hong, Hee-Won Choi, Jin-A Jung — Fri, 29 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Infantile hemangiomas are the most common benign tumors of infancy. However, hemangiomas located in the respiratory tract are rare and could cause life-threatening events due to airway obstruction. To date, the best recommended treatment for infantile hemangioma is oral propranolol as it exhibits faster effects with fewer adverse effects as compared to systemic corticosteroid therapy. In this study, we reported a case of a 1-month-old girl who was presented with respiratory symptoms and hemangioma on the scalp. The hemangioma extended from the right base of the skull to the thoracic inlet, causing inspiratory stridor and dyspnea. Treatment with oral propranolol was initiated and her symptoms regressed. Imaging showed regression of the hemangioma. This was a rare case of skin hemangioma found on the scalp, in which the hemangioma extended from the base of the skull to the subglottis, precipitating respiratory symptoms from airway obstruction. Based on this encounter, the presentation of skin hemangioma on the head, coupled with respiratory symptoms, necessitates the use of imaging studies, such as computed tomography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging to ascertain the extent of hemangioma.